Abstract: A liquid distribution pipe in liquid treatment apparatus is divided into two separate liquid distribution sections. Each pipe section fits into a separate nozzle on the surface of the apparatus and is independent of the other pipe section. Each section of liquid distribution pipe can be isolated from all other sections, and can supply or withdraw liquid from the apparatus independent of the other sections.

Abstract: Cooling tower splash fill strips rest in grids made from interconnected vertical and horizontal wire strands. Each grid is supported at its upper end by a fill hanger beam, which, in turn, is supported by a series of aligned beam hanger clips. The clips are connected to generally horizontal structural members of the cooling tower.

Abstract: Grit is removed from liquid sewage by flowing such sewage into a settling chamber and causing the sewage to flow in a toroidal pattern around the periphery of the chamber. Grit falls to the floor of the settling chamber and passes radially to and then through a central opening into a grit collection chamber therebeneath. Organic solids are kept in motion in the toroidal flow pattern, or lifted from the settling chamber floor into such flow pattern, and are discharged through an outlet adjacent the upper surface of the liquid in the settling chamber. Toroidal flow is created and maintained by obstructing the tangential flow path of incoming sewage with a baffle which blocks the tangential inlet and has an edge extending above the upper surface of the liquid. A propeller rotating about a vertical axis in the center of the chamber is adjustable so as to keep the contents of the chamber impinging against the baffle as they flow around the tank in the toroidal pattern.

Abstract: A heat exchanger employs a variable number of repositionable baffles in its headers to permit changing the number of passes made by the fluid processed therein.

Abstract: A punch for forming a fastener head has a shaped projection at each end and is releasably secured in a holder with one end abutting against a ledge on the inside of the holder and the other end extending beyond the holder. The shaped projections are formed simultaneously by a pair of hobs in one press stroke.

Abstract: A dispenser for metering a predetermined volume of acid into a water softener brine tank utilizes a generally hat-shaped diaphragm that flops from one surface of a metering chamber to the opposite surface when acted upon by either pressure or suction. The diaphragm essentially lines one-half of the chamber at a time, and its movement either draws acid into the chamber or expels the acid from the chamber.

Abstract: A liquid-gas separator may be used with a liquid concentrator for returning entrained liquid. The separator employs serially arranged mesh pads of different cross-sectional areas. The largest pad is closest to the liquid-gas inlet, and the smallest pad is closest to the gas outlet.

Abstract: In the condensing operation of a waste concentration system, water vapor is condensed, by cooling, into liquid condensate which is reboiled so as to drive off and strip gas that has been redissolved into such condensate. The stripped and driven off gas is directly recombined with the undissolved gas without being mixed with the main body of vapors. The resulting mixture is further cooled to remove the remaining portion of water vapor after which the noncondensible gas stream is filtered and cooled.

Abstract: The rotating backwash isolation hood of a multibed filter is raised and lowered by either hydraulic forces and gravity, or by an improved mechanism employing a pair of pistons and cylinders and a perforated indexing disc, or by both of these arrangements. The force required to lift the hood is reduced by eliminating the effect of the static head of the liquid above the hood. Leakage between the hood and the filter it covers is detected by a pressure differential indicating switch. A floculator may be combined with the multibed filter, and the dirty backwash liquid from the hood may be recirculated into the floculator.

Abstract: A vertical cylindrical liquid-gas separator of an evaporator is connected to horizontal cylindrical piping by a rectangular gas discharge conduit that promotes optimum gas flow characteristics through the separator.

Abstract: Apparatus that removes solids from a liquid by flotation and by sedimentation has a uniform surface distribution of small bubbles for making solids float. Large bubbles which would cause turbulence and uneven bubble flow are confined and eliminated.

Abstract: An enclosed container for transporting a powdered material is aerated by a pressurized gas which is forced between a long sheet of flexible, gas-impervious material and a sloping surface of the container. The sheet material is held in place by a pair of clamps which accurately control the size of the space through which the gas flows so as to cause the sheet material to vibrate or flutter over a relatively long distance.

Abstract: The outlet valve of a container for fluids is suspended from such container by a spring-biased safety closure mechanism that is protected from damage and has an actuating mechanism that breaks away with the outlet valve on impact capable of causing the outlet valve to permit discharge of the contents of the container.

Abstract: The liquid deflecting surface of a conical baffle of a spray nozzle is defined by an arc of a circle rotated around the central axis of the nozzle, and a single supporting arm for the baffle has a knife-like edge that merges into the point of such conical surface.

Abstract: A spray nozzle with a discharge surface defined by the formula X = .+-. 0.875D-t-0.5y- .sqroot.0.75Dy, with D being the outside diameter of a connected heat exchanger tube, and t being the thickness of such heat exchanger tube, does not create sufficient back pressure to destroy the thin film layer of liquid flowing down the inside of such heat exchanger tube.

Abstract: A fan wheel in which the blades and hub assembly are fabricated from pieces of plate welded together along extended surfaces.

Abstract: Apparatus in the shape of a parallelogram for separating solids from liquids consisting essentially of parallel tubes tilted toward one end of the parallelogram made by bonding square-tooth members extending across the width of the parallelogram to flat sheets that also extend across the width of the parallelogram.

Abstract: A drift eliminator assembly for a liquid cooling tower employs deformable resilient drift eliminator blades which snap into mounting slots and are held in place without fasteners or a bonding agent.

Abstract: An improved aeration apparatus for use in sewage treatment plants to dissolve oxygen into the sewage. The aeration apparatus is specifically designed for use in combination with a single home sewage treatment unit. The aeration apparatus includes a motor assembly for rotation of a propeller through a downwardly extending drive shaft. The propeller extends downwardly into a draft tube so as to pump the liquid to be aerated upward therethrough. A deflector plate directs the rising liquid radially outward in all directions. A slinger is positioned about the drive shaft immediately below the deflector plate. The motor is designed to pull only fresh air into the aerator housing. To avoid clogging the propeller is free to move in one direction or another when a large object comes through the draft tube.