Abstract: A high speed memory component, such as a cache RAM (random access memory), has a bidirectional data line and a control line (CDRAMOE) which, when respectively set to first and second electrical states, causes the memory component to respectively output data onto and accept data from the bidirectional data line. An arrangement is provided to initiate transfers of data to and from the memory component on the bidirectional data line and to produce at a first point in time a valid indication signal (W/R) indicating that one of a data read and a data write is being initiated. A method and apparatus for controlling the memory component involve the control line being set to the second electrical state at a second point in time prior to the first point in time, and the control line being maintained in the second electrical state from the second point in time to the first point in time.

Abstract: A transducer for converting an electrical current signal to a pneumatic pressure. A solid state element such as piezo-electric flapper element 48 is used to vary the pressure drop through a nozzle 46 to provide a controlled pressure supply 28. A micro-power electronic circuit 59 controls the flapper. A solid state pressure sensor 24 detects the output pressure and provides a feedback signal for use in a negative feedback loop to control the flapper element. The flapper element may be triangularly shaped to reduce its responsiveness to relatively low frequency mechanical vibrations. In a exemplary embodiment, where intrinsic safety requirements limit terminal voltages, the flapper element is driven by a transconductance amplifier 94 which is powered through a shunt regulator 82 and a voltage tripler 92. The shunt regulator provides operating potentials which are derived from the signal current.