Abstract: Detection and identification of known sequences such as sequences composed of Walsh-Hadamard sequence and scrambling sequence are provided in a fast fading and frequency offset environment using a segmented correlator and FHT (Fast Hadamard Transform) architecture with frequency offset compensation. The incoming sequence of samples or data is segmented into blocks. Each block is individually detected using a correlator/FHT segment. Each sequence identifying output of each correlator/FHT segment is multiplied by a sinusoid for frequency offset compensation. The frequency offset compensated output from each correlator/FHT segment is summed with the corresponding frequency offset compensated output of other correlator/FHT segments. Each sum is compared with a threshold to determine whether a particular sequence has been detected and identified.

Abstract: Efficient data communication in wireless communication system is provided by using centralized control of data communications, such as packet switched services, over the uplink channel (mobile station (MS) to base station (BS)). A multiple access protocol is used where packet data mobile stations make requests for uplink channel resources. The request messages transmitted by the MSs inform the BS of service parameters. Examples of such service parameters are available transmit power at the MS, the amount of data to transmit and Quality of Service (QoS). The BS then processes the received request messages and performs interference management calculations to determine the portion of the BS's receive power budget that can be allocated to the data user requesting service. These calculations are used to control the amount of interference seen at the base station, to assign a data rate to the user and to aid scheduling algorithms in computing service order priorities.

Abstract: A communication system monitors the resources that are available for new users. When the availability of free resources becomes too small or falls below a threshold, the communication system initiates a reduction in the the class of service to selected users. The class of service can be reduced by reducing the quality of service provided to existing communications or by providing selected new users with only lower quality communications. The decision to alter the class of service is alerted to the end user and based on the profile of the end user, appropriate alteration of a specific resource parameter is undertaken.

Abstract: A variable length sequence number is used to identify data units in a communication channel. The sequence number associated with the most recent data that has been received successfully and the sequence number expected with the next new data message to be received are examined to determine the minimum size sequence number necessary to unambiguously identify to the transmitter incorrectly received data that must be retransmitted in a later message. The receiver provides the transmitter with the sequence number associated with the last successfully received byte of data and the sequence number associated with the next expected byte of data. The receiver communicates this information to the transmitter using a NAK control message.

Abstract: High speed data transfer from a base station to a mobile terminal is provided using an additional wide band communication channel that supplements the communications provided by the reverse (mobile to base station) and forward (base station to mobile) links used in cellular or PCS communications systems. In one embodiment, the standard forward and reverse links are used as control channels for data transfers over the additional or adjunct forward wide band channel. In another embodiment, the communications carried out over the narrow band forward link channel are sent over the adjunct wide band forward channel thereby eliminating the need for a narrow band forward link channel.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes an active or beam forming array portion, and active parasitic elements that transmit and/or receive signals. The parasitic elements serve the dual purpose of providing a uniform impedance for elements at the edge of the array portion of the antenna while also providing active elements that are used to transmit and/or receive signals. The active parasitic elements may transmit and/or receive at the same frequency as the array portion or at a different frequency than the array portion. It is also possible for the active parasitic elements to have a different polarization than the elements of the array portion.

Abstract: Pulses of high-frequency signals (HFS) with different power levels (P1 . . . n) are generated using a first control element (2) for adjusting a power level (P1 . . . n) of a pulse plateau (BP1 . . . N), and a second control element (3) for adjusting a number of level values (PW1 . . . n, PW′1 . . . n) for forming the respective pulse edge (PF1 . . . N) Using an attenuator (2) as a first control element, the power (PN) of a burst (BPN) of the high-frequency signal (HFS) can be adjusted with high precision in small defined power steps, e.g. in a 2-dB tuning lock (ramping), within a time division multiple access system(TDMA) from one time division (Zm) to the next time division (ZM+1). Furthermore, the rate of change of the burst or of each burst (BPN) can be controlled by means of the second control element in the form of a controllable amplifier, so that an admissible interference spectrum is kept and interferences through spurious radiation are avoided.

Abstract: A non-conductive frame supports the resonators in a patch antenna assembly. The frame supports the resonators without making holes in the resonators and thereby avoids the problem of creating unwanted electric field polarizations. Additionally, the frame grasps the resonators in areas of low current density and thereby avoids creating additional disturbances in the radiation pattern. The frames may also include posts that are used to attach the frames to the feedboard without using additional components such as screws.

Abstract: A patch antenna's resonators are supported by a non-conductive frame. The frame supports the resonators without making holes in the resonators and thereby avoids the problem of creating unwanted electric field polarizations. Additionally, the frame grasps the resonators in areas of low current density and thereby avoids creating additional disturbances in the radiation pattern. In one embodiment of the invention, the frame includes a perimeter lip that snaps over the edges of the feedboard and thereby attaches the frame to the feedboard.

Abstract: An inexpensive, easy to assemble patch antenna is disclosed where unwanted polarizations in the transmitted RF energy are minimized. A feedboard, spacer and resonator are held in a compressed relationship by two halves of the antenna housing. The spacer is a thermo-formed sheet with semi-spherical spacers. The spacers have a height that provides the desired spacing between the feedboard and the resonator.

Abstract: Wireless service option number assignments are divided into related groups. One group comprises voice service options: #1 (TIA/EIA-96-C “basic” 8k), #3 (IS-127 EVRC 8k), and #17 (IS-733 13k) which refer to different voice rates. Other groups may include data services; however, several subgroupings are possible, and may be used to keep the size of each group at a manageable level. The TIA/EIA-96-C is hereby incorporated by reference. Definitions for each related group of service options (i.e., bitmap) would be maintained in a standard such as TSB58. The TSB58 standard is hereby incorporated by reference.

Abstract: Cameras are positioned so that they each view a different reflective surface of a polyhedron such as a pyramid. This results in each camera having a virtual optical center positioned within the pyramid. The cameras are positioned so that their virtual optical centers are offset from each other. The offsets produce narrow blind regions that remove image distortions received from the edges of the pyramid's reflective surfaces. Additionally, planar shades that extend in an outward direction are positioned in the blind regions.

Abstract: Panoramic images are displayed with referencing icons that assist the user in conceptualizing the panoramic image as an unrolled cylindrical representation of a panoramic image. Icons above and below the image indicate a cylinder by their substantially elliptical shape. The icons also include left and right extensions with reference marks that give the impression of a cylindrical surface being unrolled. As a result, a user more readily understands the relationship between objects in different parts of the panoramic image.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors' field of view are redirected by reflective surfaces. Portions of the fields of view of the sensors are removed to produce a first sensor modified field of view with a modified field of view boundary, and a second sensor modified field of view with a modified field of view boundary. Images obtained form the modified fields of view are combined along a modified field of view boundary.

Abstract: A compact high resolution omnidirectional or panoramic viewer has several cameras with a common virtual optical center. The field of view of each of the cameras is arranged to form a continuous 360 degree view of an area when taken as a whole. The cameras are positioned so that they each view a different reflective surface of a polyhedron such as a pyramid. This results in each camera having a virtual optical center positioned within the pyramid. The cameras may be positioned so that their virtual optical centers are offset from each other. The offsets produce narrow blind regions that remove image distortions received from the edges of the pyramid's reflective surfaces. The reflective pyramids may be stacked base to base or nested within each other to produce a more compact panoramic viewer. Using two or more reflective pyramids in such close proximity permits using many cameras with the same virtual optical center.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a general antenna system is disclosed suitable for applications in which an RFID Tag passes by an Interrogator. We then disclose a specific antenna design that uses a single planar antenna for transmit and a multi-element planar antenna array for receive. The multi-element planar antenna array is spaced such that each of the planar elements is four inches apart, center-to-center, thus defining a narrow 30° receive beamwidth in the horizontal plane. The vertical receive bandwidth is much greater than 30°, facilitating the Interrogator receiving signals at a variety of elevations. Furthermore, a multi-way microstrip combiner is used to sum the signals received from each of the planar antennas. To block interference from the transmit antenna and to improve receive sensitivity, this multi-way microstrip combiner is shielded using, in one embodiment, copper tape along its edges. In a specific embodiment, a four element receive antenna design is disclosed.

Abstract: Signal markers are placed in critical locations within the wireless network. Critical locations are locations where signals from base stations may be weak due to natural or man-made obstruction and locations where user demand for network resources may be particularly heavy. The signal markers collect data such as the signal strength or amplitude of signals from surrounding base stations, and the amount of user demand for access to the network. The signal markers then communicate this data to the mobile switching center. The mobile switching center analyzes the data and, if the data indicates unsatisfactory performance, determines new parameters for the base stations. The mobile switching center then communications the new parameters to each of the base stations where each of the base stations changes its performance in accordance with the new parameters.

Abstract: A panoramic image is displayed as two partial images. A first partial image shows approximately 180 degrees of the panoramic image centered about a viewing direction selected by a user. A second partial image shows approximately the remaining 180 degrees of the panoramic image as a mirror image. As a result, a user more readily understands the relationship between objects in different parts of the panoramic display.

Abstract: A stereo panoramic view is provided through the use of multiple virtual optical centers. A reflective polyhedral cement, such as a pyramid, redirects the field of view of each camera in a first set of cameras to form a group of substantially co-located virtual optical centers at a first location within the pyramid. The pyramid also redirects the field of view of each camera in a second set of cameras to form a group of substantially co-located virtual optical centers at a second location within the pyramid. Panoramic images from the first and second virtual optical centers provide a stereo panoramic view when one panoramic image is provided to a user's left eye and the other panoramic image is provided to the user's right eye.

Abstract: A microstrip feeds a patch antenna through a slot in a two part RF ground plane. The dual RF ground planes permit DC control of a varactor positioned over a slot in the ground planes while maintaining a high degree of AC coupling between the two planes. The AC coupling between the two ground planes is increased by increasing the capacitive coupling between the planes using an interlocking finger pattern.