Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in an IP-based cellular wireless communication system includes a monitoring arrangement and a sender arrangement. The monitoring arrangement arranged to detect a location of a cellular phone device with respect to an area of restricted access. The location of the cellular phone device with respect to the area of restricted access is detected in part by determining when a preset period of time has elapsed. The sender is arranged to send a first message including information associated with the cellular phone device when the location of the cellular phone device with respect to the area of restricted access is detected. A method for operating the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating data traffic flow in a communications network are disclosed. The communications network comprises a plurality of nodes including a plurality of source nodes, a plurality of destination nodes, and a plurality of intermediate nodes. Each of the intermediate nodes includes at least one elbow comprising one ingress interface and one egress interface of the intermediate node. The method includes obtaining local data traffic measurements at each of the elbows, wherein the local data traffic measurements comprise data traffic arriving at the intermediate node via the ingress interface and leaving the intermediate node via the egress interface. The local data traffic measurements are used in calculation of the traffic flow and may be used, for example, to generate data traffic matrix information using data traffic matrix inference or data traffic matrix estimation.

Abstract: Efficient multicasting within a layer 2 network is provided. Participation by a layer 3 router is not required. The spanning tree created by common layer 2 networking protocols is exploited for multicast signaling and traffic handling.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring convergence performance in a network are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving a plurality of probes at a network device, temporarily storing data from at least a portion of the received probes and deleting at least a portion of the temporarily stored data at regular intervals, and receiving a packet indicating a convergence event and storing data from probes received over a predetermined period.

Abstract: A method for providing private sidestream transmissions between a first and second client in a wireless network generally includes sending a location discovery request from a first client to an access point and receiving a location discovery response from the access point. The response includes a ticket encrypted with a session key of the second client and containing a sidestream key. The method further includes sending a direct communication request from the first client to the second client. The request includes the ticket and an authenticator encrypted with the sidestream key. A direct communication response including an updated authenticator is received from the second client. A method and apparatus for secure context transfer during client roaming are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for protecting a packet switched network from compromised communications due to a physical intrusion in the network are disclosed. The network includes at least one network element having a detection device operable to detect a possible physical intrusion in a data communication path connected to the network element. The method includes receiving a notification from the detection device that the detection device has identified a physical intrusion in the data communication path, generating an alert, and transmitting the alert over the packet switched network. The alert may include instructions on how to remediate the physical intrusion that can be automatically implemented by a given network-connected device or manually addressed by a network user or network administrator.

Abstract: A method and system for preventing loops in a network including network devices operating different protocols for providing loop-free topology are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving link state information at a network device operating a first protocol and in communication with a network device operating a second protocol, creating at least one tunnel to one or more other network devices operating the first protocol and in communication with a network device operating the second protocol, receiving a proposal, blocking designated boundary ports in communication with network devices operating the second protocol, and transmitting an agreement.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving at a network device designated as a secondary designated router or forwarder, an indication that a receiver wants to join a multicast group, transmitting a multicast join message in response to the received indication, and receiving multicast data from a source at the network device. If a primary designated router or forwarder is operating to forward the multicast data from the source to the receiver, the received multicast data is dropped. If a failure occurs at the primary designated router or forwarder, the received multicast data is forwarded to the receiver. An apparatus for fast multicast convergence at a secondary designated router or forwarder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for providing QoS in a network after a network failure are disclosed. The network includes at least one primary tunnel and at least one backup tunnel protecting a segment of the primary tunnel. The method includes receiving notification of a failure within the primary tunnel segment and rerouting received packets onto the backup tunnel. The rerouted packets are marked to identify packets affected by the failure and are subject to a different QoS policy than packets that have not been rerouted due to the failure.

Abstract: A method and system for requesting inline power at a powered device coupled to power sourcing equipment in a communications network are disclosed. The method includes drawing power corresponding to a requested power level at the powered device, operating the powered device in a first mode if the requested power level is maintained at the powered device, and operating the powered device in a second mode if power to the powered device is removed and is restored within a predetermined time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating aggregate bandwidths of primary traffic flows are provided. Tighter upper bounds on aggregate bandwidths for arbitrary combinations of primary traffic flows may be computed. These tighter bounds are highly useful in configuring backup tunnels to protect a node in the event of failure in that the total backup bandwidth burden on individual links may be determined more accurately to permit optimal use of available backup bandwidth capacity.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamic protection of virtual links for paths of an optical network in communication with an IP network are disclosed. The method includes establishing two or more paths within the optical network and grouping the paths in a dynamic bundle. The grouping is selected at a control plane level and the bundle of paths are recognized as a single routing adjacency in the IP network so that as long as one or more paths within the bundle is operating, the routing adjacency in the IP network is not affected by changes within the bundle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sharing a single decoder among data streams originating with multiple sources. Error correction coding techniques are modified to facilitate decoding of data from multiple sources multiplexed in the time domain at the decoder input. A single decoder accommodates multiple sources that have been encoded using disparate code rates. One application is an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) point to multipoint system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fast reroute of multicast data are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes transmitting a multicast join message from a receiver towards a source on a primary path and transmitting an alternate multicast join message from the receiver towards the source on a backup path. Data packets are then received from the primary and backup paths. The method further includes operating in a first mode wherein the data packets received from the primary path are accepted and the data packets received from the backup path are dropped, and switching to a second mode wherein the data packets received from the backup path are accepted, upon detecting a failure in the primary path.

Abstract: A method for interconnecting a satellite switch and a virtual switch for communication over a network includes transmitting a multicast packet containing a satellite identifier over the network and receiving a response multicast packet containing the satellite identifier, a satellite index associated with the satellite switch, and a virtual switch index associated with the virtual switch transmitting the response packet. The virtual switch index is mapped into a destination address and the destination address is inserted into a satellite packet. The satellite packet is then transmitted over the network to the virtual switch.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adapting IEEE 802.11 wireless communications for environments involving long propagation delays. Improved system throughput and stability are provided. Propagation delays are measured systematically and used to adjust contention timing boundaries and a common time slot duration. This reduces the probability of collision in the CSMA/CA mode of the IEEE 802.11 standard. One particular application is a point-to-multipoint campus bridge network.

Abstract: Described is a parallel batch reactor for effecting chemical reactions. The parallel batch reactor includes a plurality of reactor vessels for receiving components of a reaction, an inlet port for receiving pressurized fluid, and a plurality of valves configured to transfer fluid from the inlet port to the reactor vessels and fluidically isolate one or more of the reactor vessels from at least one of the other reactor vessels. The reactor further includes a pressure monitoring system comprising an array of pressure sensors configured to sense pressure in the reactor vessels. Each of the pressure sensors is aligned with one of the plurality of reactor vessels and located external to the reactor vessels and fluid passageways in fluid communication with the reactor vessels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for network monitoring using a proxy are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method generally comprises receiving at a proxy, path information for a label switched path (LSP) from a forwarding device located in the LSP, generating a connectivity verification message based on the path information, adding a proxy label to the connectivity verification message, and transmitting the connectivity verification message to the forwarding device. The proxy label is configured to inject the connectivity verification message into a forwarding plane at the forwarding device and the connectivity verification message is configured for transmittal from the forwarding device over the LSP to a destination node to verify a forwarding path associated with the path information received from the forwarding device.

Abstract: Parallelism is exploited to accelerate the distributed computation of an MPLS Traffic Engineering LSP across multiple Autonomous Systems or areas using a virtual shortest path tree. After relaying a path computation request, a path computation element immediately begins local path segment computations even before a response to the request is received. When a response including virtual shortest path tree information is received, the tree is extended using the previously computed path segments. Also, a path computation element can verify the local feasibility of the requested path after receiving a request so that a requesting head-end or upstream path computation element can be quickly informed that a constraints-satisfying path is not available.

Abstract: A method of estimating traffic values or intervals in a communications network, the network comprising a plurality of nodes being interconnected by links, the method comprising the steps of (a) obtaining traffic data through the nodes or links as input data; (b) obtaining network data relating to the network topology and network behaviour; and (c) estimating the effect of a modification of the communications network and/or its behaviour be calculating traffic information between a selected first and a selected second node of the network using the input data.