Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, wherein the method comprises: providing a substrate; forming a source region, a drain region, a dummy gate structure, and a gate dielectric layer on the substrate, wherein the dummy gate structure is between the source region and the drain region on the substrate, and the gate dielectric layer is between the substrate and the dummy gate structure; annealing the source region and the drain region; removing the dummy gate structure to form an opening; implanting dopants into the substrate from the opening to form a steep retrograded well; annealing to activate the dopants; and forming a metal gate on the gate dielectric layer by deposition.

Abstract: The invention features methods and compositions for treating and preventing angiogenic disorders and endothelial cells disorders using HspA12B antagonist and HspA12B agonist compounds, respectively.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide methods for diagnosing and/or treating tumors using HERV-H env gene or HERV-H env Env protein. Specifically, tumors are diagnosed by detecting expression of HERV-H env gene; and agents for detecting the expression are used as diagnosing agents. Further, tumors are treated by inhibiting function of HERV-H env gene; and agents for inhibiting the function are used as antitumor agents. Furthermore, tumors are treated by administering a peptide having a certain sequence of HERV-H Env protein and the like; and the peptide is used as a cancer vaccine.

Abstract: The present invention features compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for treating trauma, ischemia, stroke, degenerative diseases associated with cellular necrosis, and other conditions. Screening assays for identifying compounds useful for treating these conditions are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to binding agents useful in the selective depletion of T cells in vivo. More specifically, the invention relates to ICOS-binding agents which once bound to ICOS expressed on the surface of cells, in particular ICOS-bearing activated T cells, result in the in vivo depletion of cells to which they are bound. Methods of treating T cell related diseases using said ICOS-binding agents, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said ICOS-binding agents, a method of identifying an ICOS-binding agent, and monoclonal anti-ICOS antibodies capable of eliminating cells in vivo which express ICOS on their surface are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs) having high degradation temperatures and their use in the manufacture of articles made from base polymers which require high temperature processing. The surface modifier is admixed with the base polymer to impart alcohol and water repellency properties.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for introducing a sample specific DNA tag into a plurality of DNA fragments from a plurality of samples. For each of the samples, the method involves (1) amplifying DNA fragments in a first multiplex or multiplex-like PCR reaction using amplicon specific forward and reverse primers. Each forward amplicon specific primer including a first adaptor sequence and each reverse amplicon specific primer including a second adaptor. The first adaptor sequence is identical in all forward primers for each of the samples. The second adaptor sequence is identical in all reverse primers for each of the samples, and (2) further amplifying the amplified nucleic acids obtained using one set of forward and reverse sample specific primers which are directed against the first and second adaptor sequences. One or both of the sample specific primers includes a DNA sequence which differs for each of the samples.

Abstract: Described herein is the discovery that human interleukin-1? convertase (ICE) is structurally similar to the protein encoded by the C. elegans cell death gene, ced-3. Comparative and mutational analyses of the two proteins, together with previous observations, suggest that the Ced-3 protein may be a cysteine protease like ICE and that ICE may be a human equivalent of the nematode cell death gene. Another mammalian protein, the murine NEDD-2 protein, was also found to be similar to Ced-3. The NEDD-2 gene is implicated in the development of the murine central nervous system. On the basis of these findings, novel drugs for enhancing or inhibiting the activity of ICE, ced-3, or related genes are provided. Such drugs may be useful for treating inflammatory diseases and/or diseases characterized by cell deaths, as well as cancers, autoimmune disorders, infections, and hair growth and hair loss. Furthermore, such drugs may be useful for controlling pests, parasites and genetically engineered organisms.

Abstract: A method is provided of diagnosing and monitoring acute renal injury leading to acute renal failure in a human or mammalian subject by determining the ratio of the concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine to that in plasma or serum.

Abstract: A method for preserving viral particles comprises: (i) providing an aqueous solution of one or more sugars, a polyethyleneimine and said viral particles wherein the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 15 ?M or less based on the number-average molar mass (Mn) of the polyethyleneimine and the sugar concentration or, if more than one sugar is present, total sugar concentration is greater than 0.1 M; and (ii) drying the solution to form an amorphous solid matrix comprising said viral particles.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to detection devices having one or more small wells each surrounded by, or in close proximity to, an NMR micro coil, each well containing a liquid sample with magnetic nanoparticles that self-assemble or disperse in the presence of a target analyte, thereby altering the measured NMR properties of the liquid sample. The device may be used, for example, as a portable unit for point of care diagnosis and/or field use, or the device may be implanted for continuous or intermittent monitoring of one or more biological species of interest in a patient.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-human gene-disrupted animal with a disrupted ADAM11 gene. According to the present invention, a non-human gene-disrupted animal, wherein either one of or both alleles of an ADAM11 gene are disrupted, is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases or disorders in a subject (e.g., a mammal, such as a human) including, e.g., diseases or disorders caused by biological agents, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The compositions include a delivery vector (e.g., a viral vector, such as an Ad5 vector) encoding an interferon (e.g., IFN-?), and are provided to the subject by, e.g., intranasal or pulmonary administration.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to detection devices having one or more small wells each surrounded by, or in close proximity to, an NMR micro coil, each well containing a liquid sample with magnetic nanoparticles that self-assemble or disperse in the presence of a target analyte, thereby altering the measured NMR properties of the liquid sample. The device may be used, for example, as a portable unit for point of care diagnosis and/or field use, or the device may be implanted for continuous or intermittent monitoring of one or more biological species of interest in a patient.

Abstract: Provided is a biomarker that enables easy and rapid detection of oxidative stress on a living organism and enables prevention of tissue damage or cell necrosis by drug administration, and which is a powerful marker for the study of toxicity and pharmacokinetics of various agents. Oxidative stress is determined by measuring blood concentration of ophthalmic acid, which is a substance that varies in blood depending on the variation of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in a biological sample with the use of an analyzer such as a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometer. Further, an anti-oxidative stress agent is screened by administering an anti-oxidative stress candidate agent to a non-human animal under oxidative stress conditions, measuring blood concentration of ophthalmic acid, and evaluating the degree of decrease in the ophthalmic acid concentration.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; a protein comprising an amino acid sequence with one to ten amino acid deletions, substitutions, or additions in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity; a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 99% or higher homology to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity; and a protein having fructosyl peptide oxidase activity, which is encoded by an expression plasmid harbored by the Escherichia coli XL1-Blue MRF? strain deposited under Accession No. FERM BP-11026; as well as uses of such proteins.

Abstract: This invention addresses how to rapidly prevent alphavirus-induced encephalitides before and after exposure to alphaviruses. The invention discloses a single dose administration of two types of recombinant viral vectors: one expressing interferon and another expressing the structural proteins of alphaviruses or a single dose administration of the recombinant viral vector co-expressing both interferon and the structural proteins of alphaviruses. This invention can be used to prevent humans from alphavirus-induced encephalitides in the event of a bioterrorism attack or biowarfare in which alphaviruses such as Venezuelan (VEEV), eastern (EEEV) and western (WEEV) equine encephalitis viruses are deliberately released to humans, a natural outbreak of alphaviruses, and an accidental exposure to alphaviruses in laboratory.

Abstract: To provide peptides having high affinity for hemagglutinin and peptides having high inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the peptides, the polypeptides having any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 7, 9 to 10, and 12 to 18 are obtained by introducing mutation into a peptide having the sequence of ARLSPTMVHPNGAQP (peptide A-1: SEQ ID NO: 1) and screening for peptides having higher affinity for hemagglutinin. Further, the inhibitory activity of the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 against influenza virus infection can be enhanced by truncating SEQ ID NO: 3 in its C-terminus region with leaving ARLPR (SEQ ID NO: 44) or ARLP (SEQ ID NO: 52). In addition, an influenza virus-infection inhibitor and an influenza preventive/therapeutic agent can be prepared by formulating these influenza virus receptor-binding peptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound (e.g., 24-ethyl-cholestane-3?,5?,6?-triol), its production, its use, and to methods of treating neoplasms and other tumors as well as other diseases including hypercholesterolemia, autoimmune diseases, viral diseases (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV), and diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to labeling kits containing novel non-natural nucleotide monomers and to methods of making and using such compounds. The invention further relates to a method of detecting the presence of a nucleic acid, e.g., RNA, of interest in a sample, the method having the following steps: providing the sample; ligating a nucleic acid of interest with a labeling reagent according to the instant invention; providing a nucleic acid array having probes directed to the nucleic acid of interest; hybridizing the labeled nucleic acid fragments to said nucleic acid array; and determining the extent of hybridization to said probes to determine the presence of the nucleic acid of interest.