Abstract: A vessel for handling a heated substance such as molten materials, and a method for cooling such a vessel, the vessel having fluid cooled containment means comprising inner and outer walls defining a space therebetween; an inlet into the space for a pressurized fluid coolant; means for spraying the coolant against the inner wall to maintain a desired temperature at the inner wall; an outlet for removing the spent coolant; and means for establishing and maintaining a pressure differential between the space and the coolant outlet to force the spent coolant out of the space through the outlet. The preferred embodiment of the invention is utilized as a roof or side wall for a metallurgical vessel, for example, an electric arc furnace.

Abstract: A spray cooling system for cooling a furnace for the melting or treatment of molten metal, and particularly the roof and/or sidewall of electric-arc, plasma-arc and ladle furnaces. Other types of metal treating furnaces and accessory equipment may also be cooled with the system of the invention. In the invention, spray headers and pipes (14, 16, 18) supply coolant to spray nozzles (70) distributed within a coolant space in a roof structure (10) to spray coolant against the working plates (22) of the roof. The spray pipes and headers also comprise part of the framework for the roof, resulting in a simple, lightweight, one-piece structure. A pump (56) is connected to evacuate the coolant from the coolant space, and thermocouples (58) are embedded in the working plates to monitor their temperature and operate controls to adjust the flow rate so that only the amount of coolant necessary to maintain a desired temperature is supplied to the roof.

Abstract: Method of thermal spray coating a substrate by projecting heat-softened particles onto said substrate including the steps of contacting particles to be projected and coated onto the substrate with a body of hot gases, heating the particles in the hot gases to a temperature near, at or above their melting point and impinging the heated particles against the substrate to provide a coating having the desired thickness wherein said particles are first heated to a relatively higher temperature and impinged onto the substrate to provide a first layer having a thickness that is a fraction of the desired thickness and thereafter heating coated particles to a lower temperature in the hot gases and impinging them on the first layer to provide a second layer having a thickness which together with the thickness of the first layer equals the desired thickness. The invention also includes the resulting coated substrates.

Abstract: A nonaqueous cell comprising an active metal anode, such as lithium, an ionically conductive cathode-electrolyte solution containing a solute dissolved in a liquid active cathode such as thionyl chloride, and wherein the cathode-electrolyte solution contains a boron-containing additive to alleviate initial voltage delay of the cell when discharged.

Abstract: Coking a mixture comprised of (a) between about 60 and about 90 weight percent pyrolysis tar and (b) between about 10 and about 40 weight percent coal tar distillate, preferably by delayed coking, produces a premium coke.

Abstract: A galvanic cell employing a gasket made of an electrically non-conducting material and having a groove in each of the upper and lower surfaces. A first cover has a peripheral skirt positioned and secured inside the groove in the upper surface of the gasket and a second cover has a peripheral skirt positioned and secured inside the groove in the lower surface of the gasket thereby providing a sealed cell.

Abstract: A molded porous cathode collector for use in nonaqueous cells comprising particulate carbonaceous conductive material bonded with a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene and coated with a vinyl polymer film to improve its mechanical strength and handling characteristics.

Abstract: A bath for the production of electrolytic manganese dioxide comprising an aqueous solution of a manganous salt and a suspension agent which is an insoluble multivalent element or an insoluble compound of a multivalent metal other than manganese, and having a pH of between about 1 and about 2, may be electrolyzed at an anodic current density of 10.8 to 21.5 mA/cm.sup.2 (10 to 20 A/ft.sup.2) to produce battery grade EMD.

Abstract: A process for producing iodide-treated manganese dioxide which displays reduced abnormal initial open circuit voltage and decreased undesirable degradative reactions with cell components when employed in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for use in a galvanic cell has electrodes disposed in superimposed pockets of separator material and end surfaces having a uniform appearance. Also provided is a method for producing such an electrode assembly which method is readily adaptable to high speed automated processes of manufacture.

Abstract: A tellurium-containing cathode for nonaqueous cells employing tellurium in the +4 oxidation state such as TeO.sub.2, Te.sub.2 MoO.sub.7, TeO.sub.2.xBi.sub.2 O.sub.3 wherein x is from 0 to about 8, Sb.sub.2 TeO.sub.5 and Sb.sub.2 TeO.sub.7.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for introducing elemental silver in graphite by blending a silver compound with graphite, mixing the same with dissolved pitch to form a mix, shaping the mix to any desired shape and size and baking at high temperature to form the finished article which contains a uniformly distributed and predictable silver level.

Abstract: A resealable vent closure for galvanic cells, such as non-aqueous oxyhalide cells, which comprises a castellated type of cap employed to compress and retain a resilient deformable member over a vent orifice in the cell's housing such that the compressed resilient deformable member will form a normally tight seal at the vent orifice which will vent and reseal after a predetermined pressure build up within the cell. The invention is also directed to a method for assembling an electrochemical cell, such as a nonaqueous oxyhalide cell, with the above-described resealable vent closure.

Abstract: A non-resealable vent closure for galvanic cells, such as nonaqueous oxyhalide cells, which comprises a member force-fitted within a vent orifice and wherein a corrosion-resistant material which is not an integral part of the force-fitted member is disposed between the wall defining the vent orifice and the force-fitted member so as to predictably insure venting after a predetermined gas pressure build-up within the cell.

Abstract: A process for making an improved electrode by providing on a conductive current distributor layers of active and hydrophobic materials, uniting these materials together with sufficient force to lock them together and subsequently roll-bonding the resulting preformed assembly to form the finished electrode.

Abstract: A nonaqueous cell employing a liquid active cathode, such as thionyl chloride, and an anode, such as lithium, coated with a boron-containing surface film that will substantially prevent excessive anode passivation during storage or discharge of the cell.

Abstract: An improved miniature galvanic cell construction having a sealing gasket with channels defined through the base of the gasket. The channels provide means for the exchange of gaseous products around the cell separator and between the electrode compartments so as to reduce the overall internal pressure of the cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonaqueous cell employing an anode, a cathode and an organic electrolyte wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material and carbon and/or graphite, and the organic electrolyte contains an isoxazole derivative in a range of between greater than 0.2 and about 2.0 volume percent based on the volume of the electrolyte solvent so as to aid in reducing the undesirably high initial open circuit voltage normally observed with the use of cathodes such as FeS.sub.2.

Abstract: A galvanic dry cell includes a cylindrical container having an open end provided with a closure having a centrally disposed aperture adapted to be slid over and secured to the carbon rod of the cell and a peripherally disposed depending flange having an undercoating of a soft sealant into which the upper rim of the container is embedded, thereby providing a seal closure for the container.