Abstract: The manufacture of large scale wind turbine blades is accomplished by winding composite fiber materials onto a mandrel to form the desired airfoil shape. The winding process requires that the fibers always maintain contact with the mandrel surface. If the surface is concave the fibers will form a bridge over the concave surface portion which produces a void. This invention avoids bridging by analysis of the mandrel surface design including the steps of defining a plurality of coordinate points on the surface prior to winding thereof, and determining if a concavity will occur in the fiber winding plane passing through each coordinate point. If a concavity is located, the mandrel design coordinate point at the concavity is modified to eliminate the concavity and provide a continuous flat or convex surface in the fiber winding plane. The process can be automated by clerical or computing methods, and is repeated for each coordinate point until bridging is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: The contaminants in the exhaust gas emissions from a motor vehicle such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) are analyzed and the concentration of the contaminants together with other pertinent data is displayed in a digital manner. The exhaust gas emissions are fed into a sample cell contained within a nondispersive infrared analyzer and the absorption of an infrared radiation beam at selected wavelengths by the gas within the cell is measured. A reference cell containing a reference gas is also positioned in the infrared radiation beam path. By means of a rotating chopper disk positioned in the light path, the infrared radiation beam passes alternately through the reference cell and the sample cell and is focused at a plurality of detectors whch are each sensitized to a narrow wave band by a filter and which receive the alternate sample cell and reference cell radiation pulses.

Abstract: The contaminants in the exhaust gas emissions from a motor vehicle such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) are analyzed and the concentration of the contaminants together with other pertinent data is displayed in a digital manner. The exhaust gas emissions are fed into a sample cell contained within a nondispersive infrared analyzer and the absorption of an infrared radiation beam at selected wavelengths by the gas within the cell is measured. A reference cell containing a reference gas is also positioned in the infrared radiation beam path. By means of a rotating chopper disk positioned in the light path, the infrared radiation beam passes alternately through the reference cell and the sample cell and is focused at a plurality of detectors which are each sensitized to a narrow wave band by a filter and which receive the alternate sample cell and reference cell radiation pulses.