Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting gas into a subterranean formation wherein the gas to be injected is mixed with a carrier fluid (e.g. water) at the surface to form a mixture which is then flowed down a wellbore. The mixture is flowed through a downhole separator to separate at least a portion of the gas from the mixture which is then injected into the formation. The carrier fluid and any unseparated gas are then returned to the surface to be separated whereby the carrier fluid can be recycled in the gas injection process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for commingling and producing fluids from an upper and lower reservoir wherein one of the reservoirs has a greater flow capacity than does the other. A jet pump is positioned adjacent the upper reservoir and uses the fluid from the higher-flow capacity reservoir as the power fluid for the pump. As the power fluid flows through a nozzle in the pump, it creates a lowered-pressure zone which sucks in the produced fluids from the other reservoir thereby forming a commingled stream of fluids. Where the upper reservoir has the greater flow capacity, a first embodiment of the pump uses the fluids from the upper reservoir as the power fluid. Where the lower reservoir has the greater flow capacity, the situation is reversed and a further embodiment of the pump uses the fluids from the lower reservoir as the power fluid.

Abstract: Fluid transmission pipelines and similar structures which are cathodically protected from electrolytic corrosion and are disposed in urban areas under pavements and other structures which prevent access to the soil for verifying pipe-to-soil potentials are subjected to pipe-to-soil potential measurements using a reference electrode disposed in a container which has a permeable bottom and which is capable of saturating a pavement layer with a brine electrolyte to provide electrical conductivity between the reference electrode and the soil. Validation of electrical conductivity is made by a second reference electrode of a dissimilar metal which is also disposed in a container having a permeable bottom and an electrolyte which permeates the pavement layer and establishes electrical conductivity between the soil and the second reference electrode. Potential measurements between the first and second electrodes validate ion transport between the soil and the first reference electrode.