Abstract: An improved muffler is provided for attenuating noise generated by a pressurized fluid when released to the atmosphere. Use of a combination fill-pack and void volume gas collector herein permits effective operation with a much smaller unit than normally required.

Abstract: In a cyclic process for upgrading a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon-forming feed by steps including regenerating of the zeolite catalyst, the operating period or cycle is substantially increased by using a ZSM-5 zeolite having a silica-to-alumina mol ratio in the range 61 to 140.

Abstract: Fuel compositions are provided which possess octane requirement moderating properties and comprise a major portion of a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline range and a minor portion of a dialkyl formamide of 7 to 11 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A lube oil blend process and composition are provided. In the process a raffinate lube oil stock having a superior sunlight stability is produced by contacting a gas oil with a suitable solvent under solvent-extracting conditions. The blend is produced by admixing raffinate and raw hydrocrackate lube oil stock. The blend contains, in parts by volume, for each 100 parts of the raffinate an amount of the hydrocrackate stock in the range from about 10 to 45 parts. The resulting blend exhibits a sunlight stability at least equivalent to that of the raffinate stock.

Abstract: In a gas purification process wherein hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed by an alkanolamine solution in an absorption zone and desorbed in a regenerating column, the improvement comprising reducing corrosion in the overhead section of the column by introducing into the overhead section of the regenerating column an effective amount of ammonia scrubber bottoms liquid.

Abstract: Indigenous metal impurities in an oil are removed by contacting the oil with a novel solid consisting essentially of porous alumina containing a minor amount of phosphorus. The contacting is carried out under oil demetallizing conditions.

Abstract: The research octane of a light paraffinic hydrocarbon feed is effectively increased by consecutively contacting the feed under hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a palladium-HY-zeolite-alumina catalyst and then with a palladium-HZSM-5-zeolite-alumina catalyst.

Abstract: Thiophenes are selectively removed from gasoline by contact thereof with a silver-exchanged faujasite-type zeolite.

Abstract: A process is described for producing gasoline from a paraffinic hydrocarbon feed wherein the feed is catalytically cracked and then reformed. In the process a novel porous hydrocracking catalyst composite is employed. This catalyst comprises a silica-alumina cracking base component and a noble metal hydrogenation component. It is stabilized as a result of a unique method used for introducing the noble metal in the form of a highly dispersed gravimetric precipitate into a gelatinous silica-alumina cogel precursor of the cracking base component. An organic gravimetric reagent is used for the precipitation. The resulting crackate is reformed by ordinary methods.

Abstract: Mineral oils containing minor or residual amounts of sulfur-containing impurities are upgraded by contact thereof with a cobalt oxide-supported sorbent under sulfur-sorbing conditions. The sorbent is regenerated by a set of sequential treatment steps.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing attrition-resistant particles of dolomite or limestone by partially glazing the exterior of the particles with a suitable glaze-forming flux, the resulting composition being useful for removing sulfur dioxide from a combustion gas using the attrition-resistant particles.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing impurities are removed from a refined hydrocarbon feed by contact thereof with a porous sulfur-reactive agent having a pore volume of at least 0.15 cc per cc of which at least 5% is in pores having a diameter in the range 0.1 to 15 microns. The agent contains at least one sulfur-reactive material from the group copper, iron, zinc and compounds thereof.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon hydrocracking process is disclosed wherein residual nitrogen-containing and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon impurities are extracted from bottoms of the resulting hydrocrackate by contacting the bottoms under liquid-liquid extracting conditions with a furfural solution of ferric chloride.

Abstract: Thiol impurities are removed from hydrocarbon oils by contacting the oil with a scavenger at a temperature in the range of about 120.degree. to 400.degree. C. The scavenger is a composite having a copper component and an inorganic porous carrier component and having a surface area in the range 20 to 1000 square meters per gram. The contacting must be with the scavenger below its thiol-sulfur end point.

Abstract: Oil contaminants present in water are removed by contacting the water with deoiled petroleum asphalt bottoms.

Abstract: An improved process for recovering phenol from phenol-water mixtures by distillation is provided by carrying out the distillation in a manner which avoids the normal phenol-water azeotropic limitation by introducing a ketone-hydrocarbon mixture into the upper section of a fractional distillation column used for the recovery. Mixtures of benzene or lower alkyl substituted benzene with lower ketones are employed in the process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for upgrading a hydrodesulfurized hydrocarbonaceous oil by extracting residual nitrogen-containing impurities from a sulfur-reduced oil. A furfural solution containing a minor amount of ferric chloride is contacted with the oil under liquid-liquid extracting conditions, including a 0 to 50.degree. C. temperature and an 0.1-5 solution-to-oil volume ratio.

Abstract: A process is described for producing gasoline from a paraffinic hydrocarbon feed wherein the feed is catalytically cracked and then reformed. In the process a novel porous hydrocracking catalyst composite is employed. This catalyst comprises a silica-alumina cracking base component and a noble metal hydrogenation component. It is stabilized as a result of a unique method used for introducing the noble metal in the form of a highly dispersed gravimetric precipitate into a gelatinous silica-alumina cogel precursor of the cracking base component. An organic gravimetric reagent is used for the precipitation. The resulting crackate is reformed by ordinary methods.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil and deoiled solids from a sludge by steps including stirring and heating with a substantial input of mechanical energy, followed by sedimenting the solids by holding the heated mixture in a settling vessel.

Abstract: A catalyst composition, a method for its preparation and a hydrotreating process using same. The catalyst comprises a rigidly interconnected pack of irregularly shaped particles having an average diameter below 0.15 mm. Among the particles and throughout the pack are access channels comprising interconnected macropores having diameters in the 0.1 to 15 micron range which contribute at least 5 percent of the pore volume. The particles comprise materials selected from the group consisting of at least one refractory oxide component and one hydrogenation component. For each 100 parts of the oxide component the composition contains, in parts by weight, an amount of the hydrogenating component, calculated as metal, in the range from 0.1 to 50 parts.