Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing lower fatty acid esters of cellulose which comprises esterifying at a temperature of between about 75.degree. C. and about 110.degree. C. a cellulose compound having esterifiable hydroxyl groups with an esterifying bath comprising an organic acid anhydride, a diluent, and a catalyst comprising from 0.2 to 2.0 parts phosphoric acid, from 0.1 to 1.2 parts sulfuric acid, and from 0.05 to 0.6 parts of a hindered aliphatic alcohol by weight per 100 parts of the cellulose to be esterified.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in methods for preparing and processing readily polymerizable acrylate monomers. The improvement comprises employing phenyl-para-benzoquinone, 2,5-di-phenyl-para-benzoquinone, and mixtures thereof as process inhibitors. The process inhibitors are present in a concentration of about 50 to 3000 ppm, preferably about 250 to 2000 ppm, and most preferably about 500 ppm.

Abstract: Liquid dough conditioners for bakery goods are disclosed which comprise a blend of diacetyl tartaric acid esters of glycerides, glycerides, and either lactic acid or an acyl lactylic acid. These conditioners are stable in varying temperature conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of moving a roll out of contact with a work-piece in response to its developing a slower speed than normal while being driven by frictional engagement with the work-piece which comprises(a) generating an electrical signal as the roll moves past a reference point during each revolution,(b) using the electrical signal to set a timer for a predetermined duration,(c) timing each revolution of the roll by measuring time lapse between signals,(d) comparing the time for each revolution with the timer of predetermined duration, and(e) actuating a mechanism to withdraw the roll from contact with the work piece if a revolution is longer in time than the predetermined duration.

Abstract: In a process for draw fracturing yarn wherein the yarn is passed through a turbulent flow air suction device downstream of where the yarn is drawn and upstream of an air fracturing jet so that broken filaments extending from the yarn will be intermingled and immobilized by entangling them with unbroken filaments in the yarn so as to reduce yarn breaks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the hydroformylation of olefins (includes mixtures of olefins) of 2 to 20 carbons, and preferably of 3 to 10 carbons for the production of relatively high proportions of branched to linear aldehydes, and with especially good selectivity to the production of butyraldehydes from propylene, wherein the olefin is contacted in a reaction zone at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., preferably from about 150.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C., and a pressure of from about 500 psig to about 10,000 psig, preferably from about 2,500 psig to about 3,500 psig with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of one or more tetracarboxylatodiruthenium halide complexes, i.e., an amount containing from about 10.sup.-7 to about 10.sup.-1, preferably from about 10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester compositions having special utility in film or sheet form having improved gas and water barrier properties, and comprising homo- or copolyesters derived from terephthalic acid or mixtures of terephthalic acid with acids such as isophthalic, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic, and the like, and a glycol component such as ethylene glycol or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, blended with from about 1 to about 30 weight % of certain bisphenols such as bisphenol-A, and naphthalene diols. Films or sheets of these compositions are characterized by having greatly reduced oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor permeabilities.

Abstract: Disclosed are free flowing, solid, antioxidant particles comprising butylated hydroxyanisole encapsulated within an edible polymeric coating. The coating is adapted to release the butylated hydroxyanisole when the particles are in contact with vegetable oil or molten fat. The process for preparing these antioxidant particles includes establishing a molten butylated hydroxyanisole as droplets in a liquid dispersion containing a dissolved film forming edible polymer. The liquid dispersion is cooled below the melting temperature of the butylated hydroxyanisole droplets thereby causing the dissolved polymer to form an encapsulated film around the solidified droplets and surface drying the solidified droplets.

Abstract: Disclosed are mixtures of dyes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1-4 carbons; R.sup.1 is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbons; R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1-7 carbons, or ethoxyethoxyethyl; R.sup.3 is H or methoxy; and R.sup.4 is H, methyl, or --NHCOCH.sub.3. These mixtures exhibit improved properties such as reduced energy of application, for example, in the dyeing of polyester and cellulose diacetate or triacetate fibers and their blends with other synthetic and natural fibers.

Abstract: A continuous filament having a special geometrical cross-section to give controlled fracturability so as to produce free protruding ends, multifilaments of which produce yarns coming within the scope of U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,001; the cross-section of the textile filament having a main body section and one or more wing members connected to the body section, the body section comprising about 25 to about 95% of the total mass of the filament and the wing member or wing members comprising about 5 to about 75% of the total mass of filament, with the filament being further characterized by a wing-body interaction (WBI) defined by ##EQU1## where the ratio of the width of the filament cross-section to the wing member thickness (L.sub.T /Dmin) is .ltoreq.30.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of ethyl acetate by hydrogenating acetic anhydride, or mixtures of acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate, in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst and an organic sulfonic acid to produce ethyl acetate.

Abstract: The hot-melt adhesives of the present invention comprise a blend of at least one polyethylene, a tackifying resin, a high density, low viscosity polyethylene wax having a molecular weight of about 1000, and a Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon wax. This hot-melt adhesive has a novel combination of properties such as low viscosity and fast setting which meet the requirements necessary for use in rapid bonding or closing in low temperature applications.

Abstract: A jet and improved bustle tow blooming apparatus, the jet and bustle apparatus both being rectangular-shaped and the bustle apparatus having vented outlets through which the gases confined with the tow escape causing separation and blooming of the tow prior to its exit from the bustle apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for the chlorination of diketene, by contacting the diketene in nebulized form with chlorine gas, which contacting can be in the absence of a solvent or diluent, in an essentially uncooled reaction zone of short residence time followed by a cooling zone wherein at least a portion of the heat of reaction is removed from the product without the need for refrigeration.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyesters of high molecular weight useful as films, fibers and molding plastics. It is particularly concerned with copolyesters comprising repeating units from trans-4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, optionally 0-40 mol % of terephthalic acid or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,2-propanediol, the polyesters having an inherent viscosity of about 0.3 or more and a flexural modulus of at least 900,000 psi.This invention is also concerned with copolyesters comprising repeating units of trans-4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, at least 10 mol % of one or more components selected from the group consisting of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or aliphatic glycol, and 1,3-propanediol. The polyesters have unobviously low gas permeability properties.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethyl acetate by hydrogenating acetic anhydride in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst. The process can also be utilized to hydrogenate mixtures of acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate to produce ethyl acetate.

Abstract: The polyesters of trans-4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-butanediol modified with 20 to 80 mol % terephthalic acid and/or 20 to 80 mol % of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid can be injection-molded to give plastics, extruded into films or spun into fibers to give shaped objects with high strength.

Abstract: Poly(ester-amides) derived from piperazine, aliphatic acids, and aliphatic glycols. The poly(ester-amides) are particularly useful as coextrudable adhesive resins for use in fabricating multilayer packaging materials, both sheet and pipe forms, comprising polyesters and ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to azo dyes prepared by diazotizing substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic amines such as 2-aminothiophene and coupling with certain aniline, tetrahydroquinoline, or benzomorpholine compounds containing sulfoaralkyl groups. These dyes are particularly useful in dyeing polyamide fibers, cellulose acetate fibers and wool.

Abstract: Method of removing paper wraps that are secured by thermoplastic adhesive around and/or to waste cigarette filter rods to enable subsequent recovery of the filter material in the cigarette filter rods, the method including the step of heating the cigarette filter rods to the melting point of the thermoplastic adhesive and then agitating the paper wrap against the filter material to obtain separation of the paper wrap therefrom.