Abstract: A method for ameliorating the effects of hemorrhagic shock in a subject consists of locally administering to the gut of the subject, at a selected time during the period of from about 5 hours before blood loss to about 5 hours after blood loss, a therapeutic amount of a cytokine.

Abstract: A transmission system responsive to an electrical input information signal ncludes means for modulating the input signal with a microwave subcarrier signal to produce a subcarrier modulated signal. A first interferometric modulator responsive to a source light and to the subcarrier modulated signal produces a first modulated optical signal. A second interferometric modulator cascade coupled to the first modulator and being responsive to the first modulated optical signal and to a microwave local oscillator signal produces a second modulated optical signal. Means coupled between the first and second modulators transmit the first modulated optical signal from the first modulator to the second modulator. Means responsive to the second modulated optical signal produce an output signal.

Abstract: A pulsed laser includes a polarization section having a port, the polarization section being for receiving light at the port in a selected state of polarization and for outputting light at the port having a state of polarization orthogonal to the selected state of polarization. The laser also includes an amplifying section having a port, a bidirectional amplifier, and a rotator-reflector, the amplifying section being for receiving light at the amplifying section port and for outputting light at the amplifying section port amplified with respect thereto, the bidirectional amplifier being operatively coupled to the amplifying section port at a first end and operatively coupled to the rotator-reflector at a second end.

Abstract: A quantum well infrared photodetector comprises multiple quantum well detectors formed within a single P-N structure forward-biased by an external voltage source, for directly converting infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range of approximately 4-15 .mu.m into visible radiation or near infrared radiation. Multiple quantum well detectors disposed between the P-N contact layers are comprised of alternating gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum well layers, aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) barrier layers and alternatively, a blocking layer of aluminum arsenide (AlAs) positioned between a last aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) barrier layer and the N contact layer; and are forward-biased by the external voltage source in order to produce band-gap luminescence by radiative recombination of excess carriers representative of electrons and holes in the N contact layer when the P contact layer is illuminated with optical energy of incident infrared radiation.

Abstract: An internetwork authentication method is provided for verifying a sending host by a receiving host or an intermediate router or gateway. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining a network address and a public key of a receiving host; utilizing the public key from the receiving host in combination with a private key of the originating host to generate a cryptographic signature; transmitting the signature along with data through a first subnetwork in at least one packet; receiving at least one packet at the receiving host; and the receiving host utilizing a private key of said receiving host site and a public key of said originating host to verify said cryptographic signature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method lithographically patterns an imaging layer using a predetermined pattern. The apparatus includes a cantilever having a tip attached thereto, which tip includes a conductive or semiconductive material. The apparatus also includes a scanning probe controller connected to the cantilever, which maintains the tip in contact with the imaging layer to be patterned. Substantially while the scanning probe controller maintains the tip in contact with the imaging layer, a voltage and/or current generator coupled to the tip selectively generates a voltage and/or current between the tip and the imaging layer to affect a physical change in the imaging layer based on the predetermined pattern. The physical change in the imaging layer can be exploited to fabricate integrated circuits, lithographic masks or micromechanical devices, for example. The scanning probe controller can also measure the topographical change in the imaging layer caused by the physical change using the same cantilever and tip.

Abstract: An electron deflection device responsive to an electrical input signal for producing an output signal includes a focusing array for producing a collimated electron beam input ribbon in the direction of a propagation axis, the input ribbon being elongated along an array axis perpendicular to the propagation axis, and being relatively thin along a deflection axis perpendicular to the array axis and to the propagation axis. The focusing array is preferably a linear array of gated cold cathode units with lens electrodes. The deflection device further includes first and second electrically conductive deflector faces, forming a deflection region therebetween and being disposed so that the propagation-axis passes through the deflection region.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a sensor head, an optical source, and a measurement apparatus. The sensor head includes a beamsplitter having first, second, third, and fourth ports, the beamsplitter being responsive to light selectively applied to the first, second and third ports for passing light of a first input polarization state from the first port to the second port, for passing light of a second input polarization state orthogonal to the first input polarization state from the first port to the third port, and for collectively passing light of a first output polarization state and light of a second output polarization state orthogonal to the first output polarization state from the third port to the fourth port. The optical source means provides light to the first port.

Abstract: A cascaded synchronized system includes a nonlinear transmitter, a nonlinear cascaded receiver, a phase-detector/controller coupled to the receiver, and a signal generator also coupled to the receiver. The transmitter is responsive to an externally generated transmitter forcing signal for producing and transmitting a chaotic communications signal containing phase information. The cascaded receiver is responsive to a receiver forcing signal and to the chaotic communications signal for producing a chaotic receiver output signal containing phase information. The phase-detector/controller is responsive to the chaotic communications signal and to the receiver output signal for producing a correction signal. The signal generator is responsive to the correction signal for producing the receiver forcing signal in phase with and having the same frequency as the transmitter forcing signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor photodetector employs a multilayer structure for controlling speed, efficiency and noise. A light-absorbing low band gap semiconductor emitter layer produces photogenerated charge upon absorption of light. A semiconductor collector layer collects the photogenerated charge. A semiconductor barrier layer between the light absorbing layer and the collector layer selectively blocks substantially all but photogenerated charge. A base layer may be optionally employed between the barrier layer and the collector layer for gating the current flow and controlling wavelength sensitivity.

Abstract: A control system for tracking the operation of a nonlinear system has two parts: a tracking subsystem and a controlling subsystem. The tracking subsystem generates a parametric signal and the controlling subsystem controls and stabilizes the nonlinear system operating under operating conditions corresponding to that parametric signal. The controlling subsystem includes a modulator responsive to the parametric signal and to a feedback signal for producing and applying an input signal to the nonlinear system to cause the nonlinear system to produce an output signal. The controlling subsystem also includes means responsive to the output signal for producing the feedback signal.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a sensor head, an optical source, and a measurement apparatus. The sensor head includes a beamsplitter having first, second, third, and fourth ports, the beamsplitter being responsive to light selectively applied to the first, second and third ports for passing light of a first polarization state from the first port to the second port, for passing light of a second polarization state from the first port to the third port, for passing light of the second polarization state from the second port to the fourth port, and for passing light of the first polarization state from the third port to the fourth port. The optical source means provides light to the first port.

Abstract: An electro-optic mixer includes means for providing first and second microwave signals having first and second frequencies, respectively, a device for providing a source light, a first modulator responsive to the source light and to the first microwave signal for producing a first modulated optical signal, a second modulator cascade coupled to the first modulator and being responsive to the first modulated signal and to the second microwave signal for producing a second modulated optical signal having a frequency component at the sum or difference or both of the first and second frequencies, and means coupled between the first and second modulators for transmitting the first modulated signal to the second modulator.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging through scattering materials produces a broadband laser reference beam and a correlated Stokes illumination beam. The broadband reference beam has a preselected Raman pump wavelength and the Stokes illumination beam has a preselected Stokes wavelength. The Stokes illumination beam is transmitted into the scattering material to obtain a Stokes signal beam having a first image carrying component and a first nonimage component. A relative delay is produced between the reference beam and the Stokes signal beam. The delayed reference beam and the delayed Stokes signal beam are polarized.

Abstract: A controller is provided for driving at least two systems in synchronization with one another. The controller provides a pseudoperiodic drive to drive the two systems at a desired frequency and to ensure that the two systems are synchronized. The pseudoperiodic drive can be produced by combining a periodic drive with a chaotic drive, noise drive or an incommensurate frequency drive. Any of these types of drives can be combined with the periodic drive by adding to or modulating the periodic drive. Thus, the controller can drive the two systems in phase with one another by using the same pseudoperiodic drive.

Abstract: In a system and method for enhancing chemical reactions, a reactant is brought in contact with a stable, non-soluble, porous, electronically non-conductive solid (reaction enhancer) in a fluidic medium to form a reaction mixture of low ionic strength. The reaction mixture so formed is then subjected to an electrifying force thereby enhancing the chemical reaction. Reaction products are then collected.

Abstract: Thin-film edge field emitter devices are provided which are capable of low voltage operation. The method of manufacture of the devices takes advantage of chemical beam deposition and other thin-film fabrication techniques. Both gated and ungated devices are provided and all of the devices include a plurality of thin-films deposited on the side-wall of a non-flat substrate. The gated emitter devices include alternating conductive and electrically insulating layers, and upper parts of the latter are removed to expose the upper edges of the conductive layers, with a central one of these conductive layers comprising an emitter for emitting electrons. The emitter devices can be inexpensively produced with a high degree of precision and reproducibility without the need for expensive lithographic machines. The devices can be used in field emitter arrays employed as vacuum transistors, vacuum microelectronic analog and digital devices, and modulated or cold electron sources.

Abstract: A cascaded synchronized nonlinear system includes a nonlinear transmitter having stable first and second subparts. The first subpart produces a first transmitter signal for driving the second subpart and the second subpart produces a second transmitter signal for driving the first subpart. The nonlinear transmitter transmits the second transmitter signal to a nonlinear cascaded receiver. The receiver, being for producing an output signal in synchronization with the second transmitter signal, includes a first stage (a duplicate of the first subpart) responsive to the second transmitter signal for producing a first receiver signal. The receiver further includes a second stage (a duplicate of the second subpart) responsive to the first receiver signal for producing the output signal. The cascaded synchronized nonlinear system can be used in an information transfer system. The transmitter, responsive to an information signal produces a drive signal for transmission to the receiver.

Abstract: A system for sensing a measurand field, the system comprising a source of broadband light, a sensor, an unbalanced optical interferometric apparatus, and a signal processor. The sensor produces an optical return signal having a wavelength functionally dependent on the measurand field. The interferometric apparatus produces an electrical interference output signal having a phase shift functionally dependent on the wavelength of the return signal, and the processor develops a processing signal indicative of the measurand field value.

Abstract: To determine the speed of propagation of a signal in a medium, wave amplitude is measured over time at one or more detectors disposed within the medium so as to detect and identify signals transmitted at one or more sources disposed within said region. Frequency domain matched field processing power is calculated by matching measured with perturbation normal mode model fields, and beta coefficients which determine sound speed profiles are calculated by beta backpropagation so as to maximize the matched field processing power.