Abstract: Improved procedures and intermediates for synthesizing 11-deoxyprostaglandins wherein trans-2,3-dicarbomethoxycyclopentanone is prepared by the novel kinetically-controlled cyclization of 1,2,4-tricarbomethoxybutane using a dispersion of sodium hydride in dry p-xylene. Selective alcoholysis of the 2-position carbomethoxy group with benzyl alcohol, followed by alkylation allows for a wide range of upper side chains to be introduced at the 2-position of the cyclopentanone ring. The unwanted carbobenzyloxy group at the 2-position can then be removed easily by controlled hydrogenolysis followed by decarboxylation. This procedure allows for simultaneous epimerization of the 2-position side chain to the desired trans-configuration, relative to the carbomethoxy group in the 3-position, as well as for reduction of the 2-hexynyl moiety of the side chain to the desired cis-olefinic group of the E.sub.2 -type 11-deoxyprostaglandins, or through total reduction to the alkane upper side chain of E.sub.

Abstract: 2-Nitroimidazole derivatives of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is benzoyl, phenylcarbamoyl or the group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, ##STR3## in which R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, amino, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy and X is oxygen or sulfur. These compounds have antimicrobial and amoebicidal utilities.

Abstract: Fused isoquinoline derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein: A is a divalent radical selected from the groups ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl,, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl or, taken together with the adjacent double bond, represent a cycloalkene containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms or an aromatic nucleus;R.sub.5 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl;Y is .dbd.O, .dbd.S or .dbd.NH;X is --O--, --S-- or --NR.sub.6 -- wherein R.sub.6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, methylenedioxy, cycloalkoxy, halo or di-alkylamino or, taken together with the adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring, form a cycloalkenyl group containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic nucleus fused on the benzene ring.

Abstract: The compound of this invention is prepared by reacting phenol as such or as its alkali metal phenate with dichlorodifluoroethylene to form 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxybenzene and reacting the latter with chlorosulfonic acid and recovering the reaction product. The compound of this invention, when reacted with acrylonitrile gives the antimicrobial compound, 2-chloro-3-(4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)phenyl)sulfonyl)propanenitr ile.

Abstract: Strontium values are recovered from a brine that contains strontium and calcium salts by admixing, with the brine, strontium sulfate seed and a water soluble sulfate and recovering the strontium sulfate that is thereby produced. The soluble sulfate should be more soluble in the brine than is SrSO.sub.4.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium phenates containing a 3-chloro-2-propenyl substituent group attached to the nitrogen atom and having as other substitutent groups attached to the nitrogen atoms (1) a C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, (2) a one carbon, two carbon, C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl or a 3-chloro-2-propenyl group, (3) a one carbon or two carbon alkyl or a 3-chloro-2-propenyl group, and (4) a phenate group, wherein not more than a total of two 3-chloro-2-propenyl groups are present in the molecule. The compounds have antibacterial and antifungal utility.

Abstract: Novel compounds, i.e. 3,5-bis(chloromethylthio)-4-cyanoisothiazole; 2,5-bis(chloromethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; and 3,5-bis(chloromethylthio)-1,2,4-thiadiazole are prepared by reacting an alkali metal aryl mercaptide with bromochloromethane in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt. These novel compounds have microbiological activity and are also useful as intermediates in the preparation of the corresponding thiocyanomethylthio compounds which have antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: The compound 3-((4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-2 -propenenitrile. The compound has antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A method of controlling manure-breeding insects which comprises orally administering to a warm-blooded animal an insecticidally-effective amount of a compound of the formula ##STR1## or of the formula ##STR2## wherein, in both formulas, each X substituent is individually chosen from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrogen; and each Y substituent is individually chosen from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and hydrogen.

Abstract: A method of controlling manure-breeding insects which comprises orally administering to a warm-blooded animal an insecticidally-effective amount of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X substituent is individually chosen from the group consisting of Cl, F, CH.sub.3, and OCH.sub.3 ; R is a halogenated methyl or ethyl group; and Y represents sulfur or oxygen.

Abstract: N,15-Didehydro-15-deoxo-3,15-epi(methano(alkylimino))rifamycins which can exist in either the quinone or hydroquinone form, are prepared from the corresponding Mannich base derivatives by an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction.

Abstract: 3,5,7-Triaza-1-azoniatricyclo(3.3.1.1.sup.3,7)-decane:1-(2-phenoxyethyl)-, bromides are disclosed. These compounds have utility as antimicrobials and herbicides.

Abstract: (1,3-Dithiolo(4,5-b) (1,2,5)thiadiazolo(3',4'-e)pyrazin-6-ylidene)-propanedinitrile is prepared by reacting di(sodiomercapto)methylenemalononitrile with 5,6-dichloro-1,2,5-thiadiazole(3,4-b)pyrazine in dimethylformamide as reaction medium at a temperature between about 20.degree. C and about 60.degree. C until the reaction is substantially complete. The reaction product has antimicrobial utility.

Abstract: The novel compounds corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R is either H or CX.sub.3, with each X substituent being individually selected from the group consisting of H and X' wherein X' is either F or Cl, are prepared by reacting di(sodiomercapto)methylenemalononitrile with the corresponding 5,6-dihalothiazolo(4,5-b)pyrazine in dimethylformamide as a reaction medium at a temperature between about 0.degree. C and about 60.degree. C until the reaction is substantially complete. The novel compounds of the present invention have antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A new process for preparing s-triazolo[5,1-a]-isoquinoline derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein A represents the group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--; R is selected from hydrogen, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, acylamino, diacylamino, ureido, thioureido, carbethoxythioureido, benzoylthioureido, sulfhydryl, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, pyridyl, methylpyridyl and dimethylpyridyl; and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy; by condensation of a 2-amino-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-isoquinolinone with an imidolyl, cyanamide, cyanic or thiocyanic derivative.New compounds of the formula I wherein A represents the group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--, R has the same meaning as above with the exclusion of hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, and trifluoromethyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the same meaning as above, with the proviso that when A represents the group --CH.dbd.CH--, R cannot be tolyl or pyridyl.

Abstract: Pharmacologically active 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A is cyclohexyl, thienyl or a group of the formula ##STR2## in which R represents one to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo, halo-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino, carbamoyl, acetamino or carboxy; one of the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups is a lower alkyl group and the other is an amido group, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower acyloxy-lower alkyl, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylideneamino, cycloalkylideneamino, benzylideneamino and R.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower acyloxy-lower alkyl, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: 3-Bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl bromomethanesulfonate. It is useful in the control of the athlete's foot microorganism, Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Abstract: 2-((3,5-Di-tert-butylphenyl)thio) alkanoic acids and ester derivatives and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof are disclosed; pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and methods of reducing plasma lipid levels in mammals are also provided.

Abstract: The new compound 1,3-dithiolo(4,5-b)pyrazin-2-ylidene-propanedinitrile 4-oxide is prepared by reacting substantially equimolar proportions of di-(sodiomercapto)methyleneamalononitrile with 2,3-dichloropyrazine 1-oxide. The compound has fungicidal, algicidal and marine antifoulant utility.

Abstract: A method of obtaining geothermal energy from salt formations in which a well is drilled and cased into a suitable salt formation to a depth where the temperature is such that the salt behaves plastically. A weighted, closed end pipe is inserted into the well with its lower, closed end at about the bottom of the salt formation and thereafter an insulated open end pipe is inserted, after the weight has been removed from the closed end pipe, within said closed end pipe, thus forming a double pipe heat exchanger. A heat exchange fluid is circulated, usually in a closed loop, through the double pipe heat exchanger, an energy extracting means, such as, for example, a steam generator or an hydraulic turbine, and back through the heat exchanger.