Abstract: Voltage-controlled oscillator with apparatus for automatic calibration. The voltage-controlled oscillator includes switches connecting associated coarse-tuning capacitors to an LC resonant tank of the oscillator. The voltage-controlled oscillator also comprises a calibration loop used to appropriately set the switches associated with the coarse tuning apparatus based on a oscillator control signal.

Abstract: System for minimizing the cost of an optical network. A method is provided for designing an optical network to have minimized costs. The optical network has a plurality of nodes connected by interconnecting optical fibers. The method comprises inputting channel parameters associated with the optical network, inputting cost parameters associated with the optical network, calculating band parameters associated with the optical network, restricting at least one parameter associated with the optical network to having only integer values, and using an integer linear program to solve a minimization objective function that allows the cost of the optical network to be minimized, wherein the minimization objective function includes selected channel, cost and band parameters.

Abstract: System to determine an optimal detection point associated with an incoming data stream. The data stream has an associated eye pattern that contains a data value for each of a plurality of threshold points defined by a plurality of amplitude rows and a plurality of phase columns. The system includes a method that includes the steps of determining an amplitude opening value for each of the phase columns, determining a phase opening value for each of the amplitude rows, determining a selected phase opening from the phase opening values and a selected amplitude opening from the amplitude opening values, and determining the optimal detection point from the selected phase opening and the selected amplitude opening.