Abstract: A method of monitoring the chalcogenation process in which the chalcogenide semiconductor layer is produced by initially sequentially depositing the two precursor layers of elements A and B and thereafter carrying out a chalcogenizing process with a simultaneous optical process control in which the layer sequence A B is irradiated by light from at least one coherent light source, the light diffusely scattered at the surface is detected and the scattered light signal measured as a function of time is evaluated such that characteristic changes in the layer developing during the chalcogenation are assigned to four characteristic points of the scattered light signal curve.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention process a radar image arising from a radar antenna, by reading the reflectivity information associated with each pixel forming the radar image, processing the reflectivity information, pixel by pixel, with the aid of a first procedure. The method further includes a second processing of the radar image using a second procedure that includes extracting objects from the radar image, then calculating the extent and the position of each object, with the aid of an angular aperture between two signals. For each part of the radar image processed by the first procedure, corresponding to an extracted object, pixel within the result of the first procedure are replaced by corresponding pixels of the radar image processed by the second procedure, if the reflectivity value associated with the second pixel is greater than the reflectivity value of the first pixel, the parts of the radar image corresponding to zones situated at a distance greater than a given threshold from the radar antenna.

Abstract: A method for realizing metering pulses in Next Generation Network (NGN), which enables an MGC (media gateway controller) to cooperate with an MG (media gateway), so as to realize the metering pulse service. When it is necessary to initiate the charging, the MGC transmits the metering pulse signal to the MG, and then the MG transmits the first metering pulse to the user equipment immediately, and periodically transmits the subsequent pulses according to the Pulse Count and Pulse Interval specified by the signal parameter.

Abstract: A tube for a microscope includes an adaptation interface, a rotatable operator interface, a beam deflecting device, and a rotatable beam deflecting unit. The beam deflecting device includes a beam-splitting device. A rotation of the operator interface is constrainedly coupled to a rotation of the beam deflecting unit. The beam deflecting device deflects, in the direction of the beam deflecting unit, a light beam coming from the adaptation interface.

Abstract: An installation switch having a housing and a connecting arrangement for a conductor having a terminal shoe. The connecting arrangement includes a socket having an interior, an insertion opening, and an access opening, and a screw having a screw head and a screw shank disposed in the interior of the socket. The screw is actuatable longitudinally between an open and a clamped state. The arrangement further includes a connection plate having a screw hole with threads for threadably engaging the screw when in the clamped state, and a retaining device preventing the screw from being removed when in the open state. The arrangement is configured so that the open state allows the shoe to be inserted into the insertion opening, the clamped state provides the screw being engaged with the shoe, and access to the screw is provided via the access opening of the socket to actuate the screw.

Abstract: An extrusion head for at least one extruder including a first head part having a first joint and a second head having a second joint wherein the first head part and the second head part are pivotable with respect to each other using the respective first joint and second joint. When the extrusion head is in an operative position, the first head part rests against a first sealing face and the second head part rests against a second sealing face. A drive element is connected to the first head part and the second head part using a connecting element. The first head part and the second head part are movable using the drive element from a fixed operative position into an open rest position.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has proved top be the most favorable method for application of a buffer layer to semiconductor substrates, for example, chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells, whereby previously cadmium sulphide (CdS) was deposited and as cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal, alternatives have been required. According to the invention, the semiconductor substrate is dipped in a solution for approximately 10 minutes, produced by the dissolution of zinc sulphate (0.05-0.5 mol/l) and thiourea (0.2 to 1.5 mol/l) in distilled water at a temperature being held essentially constant throughout said period. For the first time, the ZnS layer permits comparable or higher efficiencies than conventionally only achieved with toxic cadmium compounds. The method is hence much more environmentally-friendly with the same result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a plant for producing sulfuric acid, in which a starting gas containing sulfur dioxide at least partly reacts with molecular oxygen in at least one contact with at least one contact stage to form sulfur trioxide, and in which the sulfur-trioxide-containing gas produced is introduced into an absorber and converted there to sulfuric acid. To achieve that only small gas volumes must be supplied to the first contact stage, based on the amount of sulfur dioxide used, with at least the same capacity of the plant and by using conventional catalysts, it is proposed in accordance with the invention to supply to the first contact stage a contact gas with a sulfur dioxide content of more than 16 vol-% and with a volumetric ratio of sulfur dioxide to oxygen of more than 2.67:1.

Abstract: An information input and output device for communicating information with an information recording unit of a card, includes a card support unit that includes a card support surface for sliding the card while supporting the card from one surface side, a card end unit that includes a card end surface provided to protrude from the card support surface, and an input and output executing unit that is positioned to face the information recording unit of the card when the card is slid on the card support surface while abutting the card against the card end surface, and that executes at least one of reading of the information from the information recording unit and writing of the information to the information recording unit.

Abstract: A method and a device for tracking eye movements that ensure a reliable tracking of eye movements with simple operation. To this end, irradiation ensues through the pupil from outside the eye. Light emitted from the pupil is used to determine the position of the eye.

Abstract: A method for determining a short circuit between at least two stator laminates in an electrical machine having a rotor mounted on a shaft and a stator, includes rotating the rotor on the shaft relative to the stator so to pass a magnetic stator flux, varying over time, through the stator, determining, during the rotation, a measurement variable sensitive to a short-circuit current caused by the magnetic stator flux between the at least two stator laminates, and determining the magnetic stator flux. In addition, a theoretical model is provided describing a relationship between the magnetic stator flux and the measurement value or an auxiliary variable derived from the measurement value, and the measurement variable or the auxiliary variable is compared with the theoretical model. A device for carrying out a method for determining a short circuit is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of fast call setup in digital trunking communication system, including: the terminal user initiating a PTT call; the base station receiving said PTT call request, assigning channel resource for the call, establishing forward service channel according to the distribution of channel, transmitting an empty frame on the forward service channel and at the same time transmitting an extended channel assignment message to specify the service channel assigned for the terminal; after receiving the extended channel assignment message, the terminal user opening the receiver to track and acquire the forward service channel, and at the same time transmitting one or more prefix-frame on the reverse service channel or reverse pilot channel; the base station or the terminal performing the operation of acquisition of service channel, if the acquisition succeeds, the call setup is successful, if the acquisition fails, the call setup is failed and enters release flow.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from metalliferous feed material includes a pretreatment unit for pretreating metalliferous feed material and producing pretreated feed material, a direct smelting vessel for smelting pretreated metalliferous feed material to molten metal and a hot feed material transfer apparatus for transferring pretreated metalliferous feed material from the pretreatment unit to a solids delivery device of the direct smelting vessel. The transfer apparatus includes a hot feed material storage device, a hot feed material transfer line, device for unblocking the hot feed material transfer line and a pressurising device. The hot feed material transfer apparatus includes a device for returning pretreated metalliferous feed material to the pretreatment unit.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a motor-fan unit and a housing part including a filter receptacle. A filter frame is slidably insertable in an insertion direction into the filter receptacle so as to be disposed in an exhaust air stream of the motor-fan unit. The filter frame has a substantially parallelepiped configuration and is configured to receive a fine filter. The vacuum cleaner includes an air-permeable cover element pivotably disposed on the housing and configured to cover the filter receptacle. The cover element is operable to redirect force resulting from a pivoting movement thereof from the insertion direction to a pressing direction substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction so as to press an edge contour of the filter frame toward a mating contour of the filter receptacle in an inserted position of the filter frame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device for the complete correction of sight defects in the human eye. Combinations of measuring, and processing methods are described which when applied as disclosed in the invention, make it possible to fully correct sight defects in the human eye. Measuring methods are used which can precisely scan the surface of the cornea and also register other imaging defects in the light path up to the retina. Computer-aided of said measuring results determined when combined with calculation of ideally corrected ocular lenses (for example after cataract operations) or ideally corrected surfaces of the cornea opens up the possibility of manufacturing a patient-specific lens and/or achieving ideal correction of the cornea using preferably a topography-supported spot-scanning-excimer laser system.

Abstract: A baking oven and a method for controlling the exhaust flow from a cooking chamber of the baking oven, the flow being discharged by a fan. The method includes increasing a speed of the fan during a first time interval after. A first temperature of the baking oven is measured using a first temperature sensor during the first time interval. At the same time a second temperature of the baking oven is measured using a second temperature sensor. An electronic controller is used to determine the temperature difference between the temperatures during the first time interval. At a selected fan speed, the determined temperature difference varies from an initial temperature difference measured at the beginning of the first time interval. The controller sets at least one of the fan speed and a position of a bypass damper as a function of the selected fan speed.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided. Methods of administration and preparation are provided as well.

Abstract: A hydraulic linear actuating drive includes a cylinder, a movable servo piston that can be pressure-loaded and that runs inside the cylinder, at least one piston rod attached to the servo piston, and at least one piston gasket having at least two sealing elements at a distance from each other. An intermediate sealing space is defined between the at least two sealing elements, an inner wall of the cylinder and an outer edge of the servo piston. The hydraulic linear actuating drive has at least one leakage channel that can move together with the servo piston. A first end of the channel opens into the intermediate sealing space and into a leakage fluid inlet opening located there, while the other, second end of the channel opens into a leakage fluid outlet opening arranged outside of the cylinder.