Abstract: Fabrication of crystalline or molecular nanostructures with dimensions less than or equal to 1000.ANG. on a substrate surface is achieved by the indirect and/or direct action of a highly-localized field-emission current, which causes atoms of molecular gases introduced into a vacuum chamber to deposit or etch at surface atomic sites that are fixed by the emission-tip location. The tip is shaped to maintain control of the emitting region and is typically about 10.ANG. above the structure. The tip position is stepped in a programmed sequence, with each step taken on detecting the current increase induced by an atomic deposition below the tip. Gas sequences or mixtures can also be programmed, and microstructures of typically 10.sup.2 -10.sup.8 atoms are thereby formed with exact control of the positions and types of atomic constituents.The multi-tipped tool consists of a large array of field-emitting nanostructure probe tip extensions on the end of a metal probe.

Abstract: Fabrication of crystalline or molecular nanostructures with dimensions less han or equal to 1000 .ANG. on a substrate surface is achieved by the indirect and/or direct action of a highly-localized field-emission current, which causes atoms of molecular gases introduced into a vacuum chamber to deposit or etch at surface atomic sites that are fixed by the emission-tip location. The tip is shaped to maintain control of the emitting region and is typically about 10 .ANG. above the structure. The tip position is stepped in a programmed sequence, with each step taken on detecting the current increase induced by an atomic deposition below the tip. Gas sequences or mixtures can also be programmed, and microstructures of typically 10.sup.2 -10.sup.8 atoms are thereby formed with exact control of the positions and types of atomic constituents.The multi-tipped tool consists of a large array of field-emitting nanostructure probe tip extensions on the end of a metal probe.

Abstract: A tool consists of an array of field-emitting nanostructure probe tip extensions on the end of a metal probe. The probe is tapered to a long, narrow, flat end with typical dimensions of 1 cm.times.1 .mu.m. The probe tip extensions typically extend approximately 100 .ANG. beyond the probe surface and their ends are shaped to act as independent field-emission tips, each at an exact atomic location. These ends are a single crystal plane terminating in a single crystal unit plane cell having a central atom with a lower work function than the atoms surrounding the central atom. The nanostructures are spaced in a prescribed, repeating pattern with typical spacings on the order of 400 .ANG.. The probe voltage, current and position, as well as CVD or etching gas pressures, are sequentially adjusted to fabricate nanostructures on a nearby substrate, which is typically 10-30 .ANG. below the termination points of the probe tip extensions.

Abstract: A periodic scattering array is used to diffract electromagnetic radiation or massive particles of specific wavelength and energy. A detector sutiable to the radiation or particles is integrated into the surface or bulk of the array. The detector is configured so as to not perturb the diffraction resolution of the array.

Abstract: An adaptive noise suppressor for providing noise filtered signals. The noise suppression device employs a vector gain .mu. for the weights of the filter wherein the vector .mu. is selected for each frequency bin to be inversely proportional to the power spectrum. A projection operator is utilized to remove the effects of circular convolution to produce a linear convolution result wherein the weights are readjusted in a manner to minimize the difference between the input signal and the filter output signal, thereby minimizing the error signal to produce a noise suppressed signal in the filtered output. A frequency suppression device utilizes the same principles of the vector .mu. and projection operator, but the output is taken from the error output of the filter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing remote profiling beams pointing altetely to the north, east, west or south by ordered distribution of phase shifts to elements of a square antenna array. Elements within a given group of four array elements share a related group of four phase shift means. Elements in a group trade phase shift means intragroup but there is no intergroup trading. The arrangement permits four-beam capability without unduly increasing the cost or complexity of the radar assembly over prior art assemblies. Also disclosed is a system for "tipping" the array either virtually or physically to obtain a vertical beam.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device suitable for high temperature measurements in the range of 500.degree.-2400.degree. C. utilizing a blackbody cavity to emit radiation in the wavelength band of 0.3 .mu.m-1.0 .mu.m. The emitted light is transmitted to a photodetector via a high temperature ceramic fiber which is transparent to the wavelength band radiated. The radiance of the cavity is utilized as a measure of its temperature.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell device provides fluctuating voltage and current to a load to be driven. A plurality of the electrochemical storage cell devices may, when initially charged up, be used to provide alternating current and alternating voltage to a load to be driven. The alternating current and voltage are produced by the selective control of ion passage within the electrochemical storage cell.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling an odometer and speedometer system of a vehicle, adjustable for vehicle parameter variations, such as tire size and axle ratio, including a transducer for generating a plurality of initial pulses in response to vehicle movement which pulses control both the vehicle odometer and speedometer. The initial pulses are multiplied by a multiplying factor to produce a train of pulses for each initial pulse. The multiplying factor is in binary form and is selected either according to the position of an array of switches or according to a number retained in a programmable downcounter. The train of pulses is divided by a fixed number to create a driving signal for the odometer and is converted by a frequency converter to drive the speedometer.

Abstract: An electronic timer switch capable of controlling the operation of a unit, such as an air conditioning apparatus, according to a preset time schedule even when the unit is switched on.

Abstract: A system for mechanically reproducing language characters in a cursive form in accordance with the natural style calligraphy of the language. Written letters are characterized by "links" with preceding and following characters, and mathematical rules describe the cursive script in terms of the form each letter takes dependent upon the preceding and following characters. The system includes input means for inserting characters, one at a time, and for providing coded representations of the characters. The coded representations are fed to decoder means which has as an output a selected combination of concatenation properties applicable to the character. Analyzer means analyzes variables dependent on the concatentation properties of a successive string of characters which comprise a character under consideration, a preceding character and a following character.

Abstract: A process for automated regulation of a unit producing sulphur by oxidation of hydrogen sulphide, in which the flow of gas carrying oxygen into the unit is regulated so as to keep an operating parameter, based on measurement of the sulphurous compound of the residual gases, level with a reference value.It is characterized by the fact that the control signal, used to regulate the flow of gas containing oxygen at the unit inlet, is a combination of a signal based on measurements taken at the inlet, and representing the theoretical flow of this gas needed to keep the operating parameter at its reference level and another signal representing the correction needed in this flow to adjust the instantaneous value of the parameter to the reference level.This process allow better control of the sulphur unit, with increased efficiency and reduced atmospheric pollution.