Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a pair of substrates made of plastic, a liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a plurality of spacers for maintaining a gap d between the pair of substrates, which are sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and when x is an average value of thickness of the plurality of spacers in a state without a load in such a direction that the plurality of spacers are sandwiched between the pair of substrates, d<x≦1.1d is satisfied. Further, in the liquid crystal display element, a numerical density of the spacers is set to be not less than 240 pieces/mm2 and not more than 300 pieces/mm2. Further, in the liquid crystal display element, an elastic modulus of the spacers is set to be larger than that of the pair of substrates. As a result, in the liquid crystal display element, color shading is suppressed while suppressing generation of bubbles in a vacuum region and reduction in contrast, thus obtaining desirable display quality of a display image.

Abstract: The electron-source array of the present invention is provided with cathode electrodes placed on an insulation substrate in the form of lines; and gate electrodes that are placed face to face with the cathode electrodes with the insulation film being interpolated in between. In this arrangement, the cathode electrodes and the gate electrodes are arranged so as to intersect each other with a pore being formed at an intersecting portion between each cathode electrode and each gate electrode in a manner so as to penetrate the insulation film, and the pore is filled with a conductive material or a semiconductive material with the material being electrically connected to the corresponding cathode electrode, and is formed in a manner so as to separate from the gate electrodes with a space in between. Thus, it becomes possible to form very fine emitters uniformly without the need for a high-precision patterning technique and consequently to provide an electron-source array that enables an X-Y matrix driving process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a laminated sheet comprising an alumina fiber precursor, which process comprises spinning out an alumina fiber precursor from a solution mainly comprising an aluminum compound, falling and stacking said alumina fiber precursor on the surface of an accumulator to form a thin lamina sheet of alumina fiber precursor, continuously pulling out said lamina sheet from the accumulator, transferring the resultant lamina sheet to a folding device, and folding the sheet by a predetermined width while stacking the folded sheet and continuously moving the stacking sheet in the direction orthogonal to the folding direction.