Abstract: Provided herein are methods of using mannan oligosaccharides, to treat, palliate, relieve, prevent and/or eliminate urinary tract infections of humans. A mixture of oligosaccharides derived from yeast cell walls is shown to reduce, eliminate and prevent the symptoms of UTI in patients.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for the production of attenuated aseptic parasites in hematophagous insects generally, and production of Plasmodium species sporozoites in Anopheles species mosquitoes specifically; apparatuses and methods for the production of strains of hematophagous insects with desired properties such as hypoallergenicity or hyperinfectivity; methods of producing a parasite strain that is capable of withstanding cyropreservation at temperatures close to freezing; apparatuses and methods for the injection of an attenuated parasite vaccine; production of parasites and hematophagous insects that are free from contamination by unwanted biological agents; apparatuses for the reconstruction of complex parasitic life cycles aseptically to avoid the contamination of the parasite or the insect vector host with unwanted biological agents.

Abstract: The invention describes a lanyard coupler or buckle with an optionally manual or automatic breakaway feature. The buckle includes insert and receptacle members, each of which have a variable insert stop means that can mutually interact either adversely or reciprocally when the insert is placed within the receptacle. Adverse interaction results in partial insertion, frictional coupling, and an automatic release of the members upon application of tensional force. Reciprocal interaction results in full penetration and a locking interactional coupling of the insert arms with the receptacle. Manual compression of the arms is then required for separation of the two members. Lanyard and card attachment means are provided on both members.

Abstract: This invention discloses a garment sleeve liner useful for improving the comfort or insulating ability of garments. Depending on the application, the liner is made variously from silk, polyester, cotton or quilted fabric. The liner is tubular and designed to fit comfortably within and along a garment sleeve. The liner has means for attaching to the garment affixed to the shoulder end of the liner. A useful means for attaching the liner to the garment is several rectangular pieces of Velcro® affixed to the shoulder end of the liner.