Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for coupling membrane elements of a fluid separation module in series. The improvement comprises providing flexible coupling members having two open ends and a passage between said ends; and securing the first end of a coupling member to the residual end of each membrane element (with the optional exception of the last in the series) and securing the second end of the coupling member to the feed end of the next membrane element in the series if any. Fluid from the residual end of each membrane element except the last may thus be directed to the feed end of the next membrane element. An improved fluid separation module employing such couplings is disclosed; as is an improved membrane element having a coupling member secured thereto.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous or non-aqueous system, including paints and adhesives, is described which comprises adding to the system a thiolan of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of X and Y, which may be the same or different, represents fluorine, chlorine or bromine, in combination with an alkylene bisthiocyanate and a 2-N-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous or non-aqueous dfsystem is disclosed which comprises adding to the system a thiolan of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of X and Y, which may be the same or different, represents fluorine, chlorine or bromine, in combination with a sulphone of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 represents an optionally halogenated alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl radical, R.sub.2 represents a cyano or amidocarbonyl radical and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: A method and composition for inhibiting the corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with the system water of aqueous systems are disclosed, which use a combination of at least one compound selected from 2,5 dihydroxybenzene sulfonic acid and its water soluble salts and at least one amine selected from neutralizing amines and hydroxylamines.

Abstract: Iron oxide deposits are removed from substrates by use of aqueous solution at approximately neutral pH containing a phosphonate (e.g., hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid), a reducing agent (e.g., sodium sulfite), and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., benzotriazole). Optionally, a surfactant and dispersant may be included.

Abstract: An improved method for using a membrane to separate gases provides for relieving the pressure on the permeate side of the membrane when the permeate pressure exceeds the feed pressure by a selected amount. Gas separation apparatus in general and, in particular, spiral wound membrane units are improved by providing for relief of such reversed pressure differentials. A suitable device for relieving the reversed pressure differential includes a body, a poppet movably mounted to the body and biased to a closed position until the selected pressure differential is reached, and a seal for preventing gas flow through the device when the poppet is closed.

Abstract: Methods are described for flocculating and removing solids suspended in water using an inorganic component containing iron, aluminum, or a mixture thereof in combination with a tannin-based flocculant produced by reacting a condensed tannin with an amino compound and an aldehyde. The tannin-based flocculant is preferably the product of a controlled reaction in which the viscosity is monitored as an indication of suitable shelf life.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises adding thereto a water-soluble zinc salt, a chelant and either a product containing at least one phosphorous-containing acid group and at least one carboxylic acid group or an acrylic, vinyl or allyl carboxylic acid polymer.

Abstract: A fluid separation apparatus is described characterized in that it features novel means to package a spirally wound semi-permeable membrane filter within a standard steel pipe by the provision of a tubular liner/housing sealably supported within said steel pipe.

Abstract: A composition and method are described for flocculating and removing solids suspended in water using an inorganic component containing iron, aluminum, or a mixture thereof in combination with a tannin-based flocculant produced by reacting a condensed tannin with an amino compound and an aldehyde. The tannin-based flocculant is preferably the product of a controlled reaction in which the viscosity is monitored as an indication of suitable shelf life.

Abstract: Removing iron fouling from heat transfer surfaces of cooling water systems with an aqueous solution of certain alkylene amine carboxyl polyacids, or water soluble salts thereof, at a pH of 5-9.

Abstract: A process and composition using hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid or its water-soluble salts in combination with certain copolymers, such as water-soluble 1-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, provide improved corrosion protection for iron based metal in contact with the system water of aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system, for example a cooling system, is disclosed which comprises adding to the system a phosphonate of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl or amino, or a salt thereof and a cationic polymer.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting salt capable of forming a passivating film at the anode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer, is especially useful in cooling water systems and their associated equipment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system is described which comprises adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting metal salt capable of forming a passivating film of a water insoluble salt of said metal at the cathode, and a substantially linear cationic polymer.

Abstract: Corrosion in liquid, especially aqueous systems such as cooling systems, is controlled by the addition of a vegetable tannin or a derivative thereof, a triazole, a hydroxylamine, a neutralizing amine, and a water soluble salt of a Group II metal, in particular zinc, magnesium or calcium.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting deposition of scale in aqueous systems is disclosed which comprises carboxymethylcellulose and gluconic acid or glucoheptonic acid or both, or their water soluble salts. The composition is incorporated in the aqueous system in concentrations sufficient to substantially completely prevent scale deposition.

Abstract: Composition for inhibition of ferrous metal corrosion consisting essentially of (a) HEDPA compound and (b) HPAA compound. Optionally the composition may also include (c) an azole.

Abstract: The accumulation of scale in an aqueous system is inhibited by the addition of a copolymer of maleic acid or anhydride or fumaric acid and allyl sulfonic acid and a water soluble organic phosphonic acid such as aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra(methylene phosphonic acid), hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 2-phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid-1,2,4 or water soluble salts thereof. Scale can actually be removed by the addition of these materials to pressurized boiler water systems. Allyl or vinyl copolymers, a phosphonate, and optionally a water soluble, hardness precipitating agent such as a carbonate or a phosphate may be used when treating pressurized boilers to provide an in-service cleaning effect.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the continuous production of sodium methylate from sodium and an excess of methanol. The process involves charging a reaction vessel with a solution of sodium methylate in methanol at a temperature of from about 80.degree. to 86.degree. C.; providing an inert atmosphere in the reaction vessel; agitating the contents of the reaction vessel; adding molten sodium at a metered rate to the agitated reaction vessel; adding methanol to the agitated reaction vessel at a rate which maintains the temperature of the reaction mass in a range of 80.degree. to 86.degree. C.; reacting the sodium and methanol for a sufficient time to substantially complete the reaction of sodium; and withdrawing from the reaction vessel a solution of sodium methylate in methanol.