Abstract: New quaternary ammonium salts are provided having advantageous utility as charge agents in electrostatographic toners and developers. The salts have the structure. ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: New quaternary ammonium salts are provided having advantageous utility as charge agents in electrostatographic toners and developers. The salts have the structure ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing new charge-control agents comprising quaternary ammonium salts having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides new weakly acidic crosslinked vinyl polymer particles having utility as components of coating compositions, liquid electrographic developers, and layers of electrographic elements and records.The polymeric particles of the invention are characterized in that each particle has a weakly acidic surface and an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprises a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of modifying the triboelectric charging propensity of carrier particles coated with a fluorohydrocarbon polymer or copolymer. The method comprises dehydrofluorinating the polymer or copolymer by contacting the coated particles with a basic solution.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of modifying the triboelectric charging propensity of carrier particles coated with a fluorohydrocarbon polymer. The method comprises dehydrofluorinating and oxidizing the polymer by contacting the coated particles with a basic solution and a solution of an oxidizing agent. The resulting new particles have less fluorine atoms bonded to the coated polymer and also have oxygen atoms bonded thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides new crosslinked vinyl polymer particles, new coating compositions containing such particles, new liquid electrographic developers containing such particles, new electrographic elements containing one or more layers comprising such particles, and new electrographic records containing toner images and/or layers comprising such particles.The polymeric particles of the invention are characterized in that each particle has an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprises a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers wherein:1.5-15 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers in order to form crosslinking structural units in the copolymer;85-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers selected such that:A. 0-98.

Abstract: New crosslinked polymers are prepared from a combination of starting materials comprising a polymer, a crosslinking agent for the polymer, and a conductivity agent containing a quaternary ammonium moiety. The conductivity agent contains at least one functional group which, during an otherwise typical process of crosslinking the polymer through the crosslinking agent, reacts to bond the conductivity agent covalently and pendently to the crosslinking agent or the polymer. The resultant crosslinked polymer has lower electrical resistivity due to inclusion of the conductivity agent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging method is described that uses an element comprising a photoconductive layer on an electrically conducting substrate capable of transmitting actinic radiation to which the photoconductive layer is responsive, and a dielectric support, releasably adhered to the substrate, comprising the photoconductive layer or an overcoat thereof forming a surface of the element capable of holding an applied electrostatic charge. To use the element, the surface of the dielectric support is charged, and the photoconductive layer is imagewise-exposed to actinic radiation, thereby forming a developable electrostatic image on the dielectric surface. The electrostatic image, in turn, is developed with toner to form a first color image.

Abstract: A novel liquid electrographic developer containing a volatile, electrically insulating carrier liquid, polyester toner particles, and wax dispersed in the carrier is described. The wax-to-polyester weight ratio in the developer is sufficiently high, preferably above 0.25, thereby rendering the developer self-fixing at room temperature.A novel process for developing an electrostatic latent image on a smooth support using a self-fixing liquid developer is also described. Upon application of the developer to a latent image and evaporation of the liquid carrier from the image, the toner, aided by the wax at the indicated concentration level, is fixed to the surface without the need for externally applied heat.

Abstract: Electrophotographic color proofs of half-tone dot pattern images are made which closely simulate the dot gain of prints made with lithographic plates and liquid inks. In forming the color proof, a thin transparent plastic sheet having on one side an electrophotographic toner dot pattern image is laminated to a reflective support with the toner image side in contact with the support. A thicker transparent plastic sheet is laminated to the other side of the thin sheet. The resulting color proof comprising a toner dot pattern on a reflective support and covered by a thin transparent layer and a thicker transparent layer has an apparent increase in dot size which simulates that of a press print.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic method of forming a subsequent toner image overlapping one or more toner images previously formed on a surface of an electrophotographic element.The method comprises the steps of:(a) electrically charging the surface and the previously formed toner image or images,(b) forming an electrostatic latent image overlapping the previously formed toner image or images on the surface by imagewise exposing the element, through the previously formed toner image or images, to actinic radiation of a wavelength outside the range of 400 to 700 nanometers; the density of the previously formed toner image or images to the actinic radiation being less than about 0.2, and(c) electrographically developing the electrostatic latent image to thereby form the subsequent toner image.

Abstract: An electrographic, dry two-component developer composition is disclosed comprising triboelectrically charged carrier particles and oppositely charged toner particles. The toner particles contain, as a binder, an amorphous, random polyester-amide containing amide linkages in the polymer backbone and is derived from certain dicarboxylic acids, compounds containing primary amino groups and compounds containing hydroxyl groups. A process for using the developer composition to form toner image copies of an original is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic proofing element is described comprising a photoconductive layer on an electrically conducting substrate, capable of transmitting actinic radiation to which the photoconductive layer is responsive, and a dielectric support, releasably adhered to the substrate, comprising the photoconductive layer or an overcoat thereof forming a surface of the element capable of holding an applied electrostatic charge. To use the element, the surface of the dielectric support is charged, and the photoconductive layer is imagewise-exposed to actinic radiation, thereby forming a developable electrostatic image on the dielectric surface. The electrostatic image, in turn, is developed with toner to form a first color image. A composite color image is formed on the element by repeating the sequence one or more times with imagewise exposure of the photoconductive layer to actinic radiation transmitted through the transparent support, and developing over each preceding image with a different color toner.

Abstract: A carrier for an electrographic developer composition is provided, comprising on its surface a polymer having at least one repeating unit to which is appended a monovalent chlorendate group containing a carboxylic acid group or a metal salt thereof. The carriers exhibit high negative triboelectric charging characteristics and therefore provide a highly positive developer composition.

Abstract: An hydroxyaluminumphthalocyanine colorant compound with reduced green absorption having peak absorption bathochromically shifted to 621 nm is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, hydroxyaluminumphthalocyanine of the invention exhibits reduced absorption on both sides of the 621-nm peak as determined by the peak width at half maximum intensity. Hydroxyaluminumphthalocyanine is useful as an electrically photosensitive component in photoelectrophoretic imaging processes, as well as in electrographic developers as a toner constituent.

Abstract: Liquid electrographic developers are disclosed comprising an electrically insulating liquid carrier, toner, a charge-control agent and a charging agent. The charge-control agent is a carrier-soluble, addition copolymer of a quaternary ammonium salt monomer, a monomer having --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H or --PO.sub.3 HR acidic function wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, and a solubilizing monomer. The charging agent is a carrier-soluble, addition polar copolymer. The disclosed developers exhibit improved replenishability as evidenced by reduced buildup of charge in the developers during the course of use and repeated replenishment.

Abstract: An electrographic, two-component dry developer composition comprising charged toner particles and oppositely charged, magnetic carrier particles, which (a) comprise a magnetic material exhibiting "hard" magnetic properties, as characterized by a coercivity of at least 300 gauss and (b) exhibit an induced magnetic moment of at least 20 EMU/gm when in an applied field of 1000 gauss, is disclosed.The developer is employed in combination with a magnetic applicator comprising a rotatable magnetic core and an outer, nonmagnetizable shell to develop electrostatic images.

Abstract: A chloroaluminumphthalocyanine (CAP) colorant compound having peak absorption at about 640 nm and reduced absorption below the 640-nm peak are disclosed. CAP is useful as an electrically photosensitive compound in photoelectrophoretic imaging processes.

Abstract: In a novel electrographic copying method and apparatus, a latent electrostatic image is formed on an insulating layer of an electrophotographic element and, before, during or after the formation of the latent electrostatic image, there is created a plurality of charge islands, such as by an exposure through a screen. These charge islands are distinct and in addition to any charge islands which result from the image-forming step. After establishment of the charge islands and the latent electrostatic image, the resulting charge pattern is developed with a developer which either is at least partially conductive, i.e., has a maximum resistance of about 10.sup.9 ohms, or is rendered so by the phenomenon of electrical breakdown.