Abstract: A photovoltaic power source includes a shadowing timer comprising at least one shadowing member (i.e. vane element) secured proximal to an array of photovoltaic solar cells electrically connected in series. The shadowing members are arranged such that they shadow individual solar cells or rows of cells as the sun moves through diurnal and annual cycles. The shadows cast by two or more vanes can modulate the array output power on two independent time scales: time of day and time of year. Because the individual solar cells are connected in series, a small shadow significantly reduces the array output power, thus enabling fine-scale temporal control.

Abstract: The invention provides guideway-based methods, apparatus and systems for tracking, sensing and communicating with objects, such as track and roadway vehicles, as well as waystations therefore. Such a system comprises a winding, a transmitter and a receiver. The winding is made up of two or more phased conductors connected to form one or more closed current paths. The phased conductors are conductive elements (such as wires) shaped or configured in periodically repeating patterns, such as saw tooths, sinusoids or square waves. The transmitter applies to at least one of the phased conductors a position-sensing signal which has an envelope that varies as a periodic function of a first position along (or relative to) the winding. The sensor, which is disposed at a second position along the winding, detects the position-sensing signals on the winding and generates a signal indicating the distance between the first and second positions.

Abstract: A method for determining spatial characteristics of a selected object in an image that has pixel values representing heights of corresponding portions thereof is characterized by the steps of finding one or more heights of portions of the object, determining a volume of the object at and above (or below) a selected height by summing a count representing a cross-sectional area of the object at that height with a count representing a volume of the object at a greater (or lesser) height, and outputting the volume so determined. A related method determines a cross-sectional area of an object in such a "height" image by finding one or more heights of portions of the object and summing a count of pixels in the object at the selected height with a count representing a cross-sectional area of the object above that height.

Abstract: A method of encoding and decoding calendar dates in multiple centuries to allow date data to be stored in a six-character format in a digital data processor. In an embodiment designed to allow existing programs to process date data correctly in the year 2000 and beyond, dates occurring before the year 2000 are characterized by two digit representations of each of the day, month, and year, while dates in the year 2000 and years thereafter are characterized by a year representation of "99" and a four-character month/day representation which is greater than 1231.The method comprises an Input Phase, in which date data are encoded from a conventional form into a six character format suitable for storage in a digital data processor, a Processing Phase, in which arithmetic and logical manipulation of date data may be performed, and an Output Phase, in which encoded date data are decoded into conventional numerical date designations.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for supplying power to superconducting loads includes a current source, a cryogenic region (e.g., a cryogenic chamber), a first switching device in series between the current source and a superconducting load, and a second switching device in parallel with the superconducting load. The switching devices are arranged so that, when the first is closed and the second is open, recharging current is supplied to the superconducting load. The second switching device serves as a shunt. When it is closed and the first is open, current recirculates through the persistent (or partially persistent) superconducting load. The invention also provides a superconducting magnet incorporating such a power supply.

Abstract: The invention provides a digital data processing system with improved access to information stored on a peripheral device. The system has a plurality of nodes, a peripheral device, a file system and a bypass mechanism. A first node (e.g., a client node) is connected to a second node (e.g., a server node) over a first communications pathway (e.g., a network). The second node is itself connected to a peripheral device (e.g., a disk drive) over a second communications pathway. The first node, too, is connected to the peripheral device over a third communications pathway. The file system, executing on the first and second nodes, is capable of responding to access requests generated by the first node for transferring data between that node and the peripheral device, via the second node and via the first and second communications pathways. The file system also maintains administrative information pertaining to storage on the peripheral device of data designated by such requests.