Abstract: A computerized method of online mining of inference rules in a large database. The method is comprised of two stages, a preprocessing stage followed by an online rule generation stage. The pro-processing stage is further defined to be a two step process that involves the generation of large itemsets. The present method defines large itemsets by how the items in the itemsets relate to each other rather than their level of presence. The measure by which itemsets are said to relate to each other is defined by a computed figure of merit, K1. The first substep of the preprocessing stage involves finding those itemsets that possess a minimum computer collective strength of K1. From those found itemsets, a second user supplied input, K2 is used to prune those itemsets with inference strength below K2.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 10, 2000
Date of Patent:
July 17, 2001
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Charu Chandra Aggarwal, Philip Shi-Lung Yu
Abstract: A system and method of automatically adjusts watermark strength of a watermarked image based on the content of the image. The described system includes a process by which the correct watermark strength is estimated with a model of preferred watermark strength based upon human perception as measured with a test group. Preferred watermark strength of a watermark within a watermarked reference image is determined and parameter constants associated with measured image texture values for the reference image are then determined. Image texture values are measured for a particular image to be watermarked, and these determined parameter constants are used to predict the strength of the watermark for the particular image. Images are watermarked by modifying the luminance of those pixels that fall within a mask specifying the watermark design. In this way, the chromaticity of the pixel remains constant but the luminance changes.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 26, 1997
Date of Patent:
April 24, 2001
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Ravishankar Rao, Frederick Cole Mintzer
Abstract: A computer application program subsystem (100) includes a program interpreter (120) and an application program interface (API 110) through which an external program requests an execution of a program of interest, such as a macro, in a specified simulated environment. The external program that requests the execution of the program of interest may further specify a simulated application state. The program of interest is written in a program language that the interpreter can interpret. The subsystem further includes an output path for returning to the external program at least one indication of what action or actions the program of interest would have taken if the program of interest had been run in a real environment that corresponds to the specified simulated environment.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 24, 1998
Date of Patent:
February 20, 2001
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Abstract: An LCD reflection display array implementing two or more layers of reflecting front surface mirrors with an upper layer mirror(s) having absorbing back surface(s). The mirror surfaces associated with each pixel are electrically connected to the pixel output electrode. The lower mirrors are appropriately positioned in the three dimensions to achieve nearly 100% aperture fill.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 3, 1998
Date of Patent:
January 30, 2001
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Frank R. Libsch, Kei-Hsiung Yang, James Lawrence Sanford
Abstract: System and method for improving color convergence in projection display systems employs one or more mirror units disposed for reflecting light from the projection lens to a display screen, each mirror unit including one or more reflective layers adjustably positioned for changing the path length of selected one or more color components of the color image.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 14, 1999
Date of Patent:
January 16, 2001
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Abstract: A method, computer program product and a program storage device embodying software for measuring of the response time of an application (including distributed applications in a client/server or Internet environment) as perceived by an end-user. One aspect deals with the measurement of components of the response time and relating those components to user response time. In addition, the components of one transaction can be matched (or correlated) to each other even though they are measured on different systems. The generation of events and transactions can be controlled, allowing their creation to occur as close to their point of origin as practical. Both aggregate and detail reporting facilities provide overall performance and availability information as well as exceptions and/or detail transactions including the decomposition of overall availability and performance metrics into smaller measurements representing the contribution made by select transaction components.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 1, 1997
Date of Patent:
August 22, 2000
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Mark M. Maccabee, W. Nathaniel Mills, III, John Joseph Edward Turek