Abstract: A domed structure (500) comprises a plurality of struts (505) of equal or a reduced number of differing lengths. The struts are held in place by hubs (510, 515, 1400). In one aspect, a first hub secures the ends of inserted struts at a constant distance from its center, while other hubs secure the ends of inserted struts at predetermined distances from their centers. The differences between the various predetermined distances is the difference in strut lengths required by the design of the structure. Thus all struts are of equal length and identical, or a reduced number of lengths, resulting in an economy of scale and ease of construction. A cover can be added after the structure is built. Alternatively, the hubs can be sewn into a fabric or plastic cover for further ease of construction. The struts can be glued in place, or removed from the hubs to disassemble the structure.

Abstract: An improved percussive instrument such as a marimba employs a resonator comprising an external tube (100), an inner or virtual extender tube (115), and a bottom stop (105) and a plug (110) within the outer tube. The region between the external tube and the virtual extender tube defines a volume of air (116). The size, shape, and length of the virtual extender tube enhances performance of the resonator and thereby also the instrument. A key (800) of the instrument is suspended by pivots (805) above the plug and the opening (120) of the resonator. When struck by a mallet (810), the key vibrates and air driven by the key enters the resonator through the opening. When the resonator and key are tuned to the same frequency, or a harmonic thereof, air will enter and leave the resonator in a resonant fashion, creating louder and richer sounds than just the key alone. Numerous variations on shape and location of the various components are possible.

Abstract: An anchoring fastener comprises a shaft (100) with straight and tapered portions, a tip (105) at the front, cam follower surfaces (110, 111) at the rear, a body (120) with a bore, a head (125) with a hole, and fins (115). There is a bendable region by the fins. The anchor is inserted into a wallboard (600) until the head contacts the wallboard. The fins slice into the wallboard, thereby preventing rotation during and after insertion. An activating member (900), a screw or a pin, is inserted into the hole and urged against the cam follower surfaces, thereby forcing the shaft to rotate until it comes into contact with the inner surface (615) of the wallboard. An object-holding washer (905), restrained by the activating member, is secured to the anchor which in turn is secured to the wallboard.

Abstract: A sponson comprises a floatable tubular section (110) with longitudinal, attached guideways or channels (105, 115) that house drawstrings (106, 116). The sponson is secured to the gunwale (130) of a personal watercraft by positioning a first guideway or channel above the gunwale and a second guideway or channel below the gunwale then pulling the drawstrings tight and securing them with knots (107, 117) or other means. The sponson has been filled with air, a foam material, or a combination in order to provide flotation. It also acts as a bumper to prevent damage to the craft in case of a collision with another object. The sponson is positioned above the water line and so does not cause drag when the craft is in normal use. The design is usable without modification for a variety of craft. An alternative embodiment includes an extra guideway or channel (120) for attachment to a fixture (125) previously installed on a craft.

Abstract: A holder for capillary columns (130) is realized by a mechanical holding device, also called a lead holder, which can be a mechanical pencil. The user holds the holding device in one hand and presses on an actuator (100) at the top of the holder, springably urging a plurality of jaws (115) to open. The user then slidably inserts the capillary column into the holder a desired distance and releases the actuator, causing the jaws to close around the capillary column and hold it in position within the holder. Next, a cap (140, 140?) is optionally slidably urged over the end of the holder in order to protect the exposed tip (135) of the capillary column. Removal of the capillary column is accomplished by reversing the above procedure to release the capillary column, allowing the column to be withdrawn.

Abstract: A protective helmet (100) comprises a plurality of layers. A fabric layer (200) conforms to a wearer's head, extending around the head from the top of the head to a point above the ears. A first, conforming hard layer (205) follows and is secured to the fabric layer. A second hard layer (210) conforms to and rests on the previous hard layer, but is not attached to it. A fibrous layer (215) is formed over the second hard layer, and a wet settable friable or frangible material layer, e.g., plaster, (220) is applied over the fibrous layer. The friable or frangible material infiltrates the fiber layer and seals it to the second hard layer. While the friable or frangible material is still wet, a mold (222) or tool (not shown) forms a plurality of lines, e.g., hexagonal trenches (225), in the friable material that extend downward toward the fibrous layer. The mold can optionally be left in place or removed after the plaster hardens. Next, a surface layer (230) of resin is applied over the outside of the layers.

Abstract: For extracting phosphorous from algae-in a body of water, the algae are deposited into a sealable tank (200) that is then evacuated, thereby rupturing the algal cell walls. The ruptured algae are then moved to a second tank (260), mixed with water and bacterial cultures, and allowed to settle until the lipids rise to the top and the oil-less debris settles to the bottom. The second tank also contains sacrificial (295) and rusted electrodes (320). The phosphorous from the algae combines with the rust. The lipids and debris are then removed. Next, an electrical source (315) causes the rust to be removed from the rusted electrodes and settle. In addition, a phosphorous-rich scum floats to the top. These components are placed in storage containers for later use and the water is returned, thereby reducing its phosphorous content.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for producing humanly edible food from Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) or a similar plant or an algae comprises an air-tight tank (200) for containing a mixture of water, a fermenting press cake (125) of JCL seeds, yeast and other ingredients (289), including amylase and a fungus, a container for mash (290) produced during fermentation, a still (300) with a distillation column (355) for separating ethanol (360) from water, a container for ethanol (365), a source of water (215), and combustible sources (261, 296, 335) for providing heat to a plurality of burners (260, 288, 320). Ethanol produced during fermentation extracts toxic phorbol esters from the mash. After fermentation, the water and ethanol are removed from the tank and moved to the still. The mash is moved to a container (286) where it is heated to decompose toxic lectins therein, rendering the mash edible by humans and other animals.

Abstract: A flexible, elastically gathered cover for food containers or the like, and a method of making such covers, uses a forming machine with a lower section having: a) a square shaped forming mandrel having a top, four substantially vertical sides, and a heating element extending longitudinally along each side, b) four elongated sealing bars having a tops with a guide and a front with an elongated strip of rubber attached, and c) a cover ejector with upwardly extending ejector pins. Each sealing bar is positioned opposite a respective side of the forming mandrel separated to create a forming groove around the mandrel. An upper section having a forming head assembly comprises: a) a forming die with sides that define a cavity sized to telescope over the forming mandrel, and b) a band ejector plate with plural downwardly extending ejector pins located along the perimeter. The forming die hangs below the band ejector plate.

Abstract: An adjustable exercise bar comprises a bar (145) and one or more rails (100, 105) upon which one or more bar retainers are constrained to move. The rails are secured to a vertical surface such as a wall or post (110). A plunger assembly (400) contained within the bar retainers is coupled to the bar by a stiff metal band that is attached to the bar. A plunger in each plunger assembly is normally inserted in a hole (115) in the rail or rails, preventing the bar retainer from moving. The plunger assembly is actuated by rotating the front of the bar upward (from the user's perspective). This actuation causes the plunger (405) to be removed from the hole, enabling movement of the bar upward or downward. When the rotational force on the bar is removed, a spring (435) within the plunger assembly returns the bar to its original rotational position and returns the plunger to a hole in the rail. An optional weight (155) secured to the bar retainers by cords (160, 161) acts as a counterbalance to bar movement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting oil from algae comprises a disruptor (125) having a plurality of deflectors (220 and 225) against which a mixture of algae and water (100) is forcibly impacted upon the urging of a pump (115). The impacting of the algal cells against the deflectors ruptures their cell walls and liberates the lipids (oil) and other materials contained therein. A tank (130) collects the mixture and after a settling period, the mixture forms at least three layers comprising oil (155), water (160), and algal residue (165). The oil layer is removed through one or more conduits (177, 178) into a holding tank (185) for further refining and use. The water is discarded, and the biomass residue comprising algal cell walls and other non-oil components is removed to another holding container (199) from which it can be discarded or used as an agricultural fertilizer or the like. If desired, the residue can be further treated in order to scavenge any remaining oil.

Abstract: A Ball Baffle Blowout Preventer (BBBOP) (102) or shut-off valve generally comprises a housing (106) and a baffle (108) secured within the housing and containing a plurality of holes. The housing is mounted in the path of the well pipe but the holes in the baffle allow normal production fluid to pass. One or more ball dispensing mechanisms (BDM) (110, 112) are connected to the housing. Each BDM contains a plurality of balls (114) and one or more valves (196). When a blowout condition occurs, a plurality of balls (114) are released beneath baffle (108) and are carried upward by the upwardly gushing fluid to plug the holes. The balls (114) are held in place by the pressure differential below and above the baffle. The balls can be removed from the baffle by the forcing fluid down the well. All operations can be controlled undersea by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). A plurality of BBBOPs can be stacked and each can be set to operate at a different pressure and flow rates.

Abstract: A system for making biofuels comprising methane, ethanol, and biodiesel comprises a tank (100) with a sealable lid (120). An algae mass (105), water, and either a yeast or bacterial culture (106) is added to the tank. Under high temperature conditions, sour (CO2-containing) methane is produced and stored in a container (130). Under lower temperature conditions, ethanol and CO2 are produced. Heated or cooled water passed through a water jacket (160) that surrounds the tank maintains the proper temperature within the tank. The CO2 is stored in a second container (270). The sour methane and the CO2 are optionally passed through a scrubber. Scrubbed methane is suitable for use as a fuel and drives a generator (275) that supplies power to various parts of the system. Carbon credits will be available for CO2 that is trapped in the scrubber. A still (185) separates ethanol and water for later use. Biodiesel can also be made in the apparatus by first making ethanol, then employing a transesterification process.

Abstract: An anchoring fastener comprises, in one embodiment, a shaft (100) with straight and tapered portions, a tip (105) at the front end, cam follower surfaces (110, 111) at the rear end, a body (120) with a bore, a head (125) with a hole collinear with the bore in the body, and a pair of fins (115). The shaft and the body are joined at a bendable region by the fins. The anchor is fully inserted into wallboard (600) until the head comes into contact with the outer surface of the wallboard (610). The length of the body is approximately equal to the thickness of the wall. The fins slice into the wallboard, thereby preventing rotation of the anchor during and after insertion. An activating member (900), such as a screw or a pin, is inserted into the hole and bore and urged against the cam follower surfaces, thereby forcing the shaft to rotate until it comes into contact with the inner surface (615) of the wallboard.

Abstract: A flexible cover is formed from a rectangular sheet of plastic film material and a continuous elastic or rubber band. The sheet has a predetermined amount of material cut from each corner. The sheet is placed onto a table between four posts that extend from the table. The sheet is positioned so that a post lines up with each corner of the sheet. A rubber band is stretched across the four posts into a similar shaped rectangle and rests just above side edges of the sheet. The side edges of the sheet are folded inward and over the stretched band and heat sealed directly to the sheet. The band is now sealed within a pocket formed along the sides of the sheet. Each corner of the stretched band is released from its post, allowing the band to relax and pull the formed pockets toward the center.

Abstract: A showerhead or other water-dispensing assembly (100) is joined to a supply pipe (105) by a nut (110) and a collar (135). The supply pipe terminates in male threads (130). The nut includes a distal splined projecting section (120). The dispensing assembly includes a port (145) having a splined section (155), and an inner wall (160). The collar is slid onto the pipe, the nut is screwed onto the pipe, and the showerhead is held in its desired orientation while being urged toward the nut. As the distal splined projecting section enters the inner wall, the two splined sections engaged, preventing rotation of the showerhead on the pipe. The collar is then screwed onto the showerhead until it rests against the outer shoulder of the nut, thereby completing the non-rotatable installation.