Abstract: The subject invention concerns the use of a carrageenan and other sulfated polysaccharides to treat AIDS and other infections caused by retroviruses. The invention also concerns a method for stimulating T-cell activity in humans and animals with carrageenans and other sulfated polysaccharides.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and processes for controlling undesirable weeds. These compositions comprise synergistic combinations of a alternaria cassiae and chemical herbicides. Use of the synergistic compositions of the subject invention enhances the value of the microbial herbicide by reducing the amount of microbial herbicide needed and by extending the range of environmental conditions in which the microbial herbicide will function.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new system to dye hair and/or skin. The system comprises the use of a hydroxyindole dye precursor and sodium periodate. Advantageously, this dye system allows the dye to penetrate inside the hair fiber without coating the hair shaft and, thus, give a more pleasing and stable dye result.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and processes for controlling undesirable weeds. These compositions comprise synergistic combinations of colletotrichumtruncatum and chemical herbicides. Use of the synergistic compositions of the subject invention enhances the value of the microbial herbicide by reducing the amount of microbial herbicide needed and by extending the range of environmental conditions in which the microbial herbicide will function.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a process for the prevention and reversal of cataracts. Specifically, the invention comprises the treatment of the eye lens with an effective cataract inhibiting amount of thioredoxin or thioredoxin-derived, or thioredoxin-like, dithiol peptide, alone, or in combination with a thioredoxin reductase regenerating system. The thioredoxin compound can be administered topically to a patient in need of such treatment on a daily basis over an extended period of time via known delivery techniques such as eye drops and ocular inserts.

Abstract: The toxin gene encoding a protein toxic to beetles of the order Coleoptera, named M-7, has been cloned and expressed. M-7 is a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain which has been deposited with a recognized culture repository. The microbe is now known as B. thuringiensis strain san diego.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding human interleukin-1 (IL-1), and fragments thereof, and the polypeptides and peptides obtained. Specifically, the subject invention comprises the cloning of a cDNA synthesized by reverse transcription of poly(A)RNA isolated from adherent human monocytes stimulated with bacterial endotoxin. Human IL-1 is useful to induce the production of IL-2 by activated T-cells; it also acts on B-cells and NK-cells.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel and useful insecticide with activity against insect pests of the order Coleoptera. Pests in this order do heavy damage to crops, e.g., corn. The insecticide of the subject invention is a novel B. thuringiensis microbe given the specie designation M-7. The spores or crystal of this microbe are useful to control Coleoptera pests in various environments.

Abstract: The synergistic herbicidal compositions of the invention comprise a non-phytotoxic crop oil, a surfactant, and a hydrophobic mycoherbicide spore. This composition is useful to control undesirable plants, generally referred to as weeds, by application of the composition with standard agricultural spray equipment to the undesirable plant. Exemplified herein is the application of Alternaria cassiae spores in mixture with well-known non-phytotoxic crop oil:surfactant products to the well-known weed, sicklepod. The results, as shown in Table 1, are dramatically synergistic and, thus, presage a high degree of practical utility for the subject invention in weed control.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel bioherbicide and its use to control major weeds found in many fields in the United States. Specifically, Alternaria euphorbiicola Simmons & Engelhard, having the identifying characteristics of deposit NRRL 18056, in an agricultural composition, can be used to effectively control wild poinsettia and weedy spurges. Further, Alternaria euphorbiicola Simmons & Engelhard, having the identifying characteristics of deposit NRRL 18056, in a mixture with Alternaria cassiae can be used to control wild poinsettia and weedy spurges and other undesired vegetation, such as sicklepod, showy crotalaria and coffee senna. Further, the bioherbicide of the invention can be mixed with a chemical herbicide to increase weed control.

Abstract: A process for altering the potential for Z-DNA formation which comprises altering the nucleotide sequence of DNA in vitro by site-directed mutagenesis or DNA substitution or deletion. Six rules for altering potential for Z-DNA formation are provided. These include the alternations of purine and pyrimidine residues.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel dye compositions and a process for dyeing keratinous fibers, for example, hair, to give a pleasing and stable colored product. The dye composition is a novel combination of three elements to give a dye that, unexpectedly, has highly desirable dyeing properties. This unique combination comprises (1) a suitable organic compound to assist dye dispersion, (2) dye precursors including dopamine, D-dopa, L-dopa, D,L-dopa, or analogs thereof, and (3) iodate or periodate. Desired color variations can be obtained by the use of appropriate color modifiers.

Abstract: The subject invention enables a more efficient management of hair by providing a novel preparation for waving, straightening, softening, or removing hair, employing as a key ingredient the compound thioredoxin or a thioredoxin-derived, or thioredoxin-like, dithiol peptide in combination with thioglycolic acid compounds. This invention allows hair to be treated at a lower pH to minimize hair damage when waving, straightening, or softening the hair; when used to remove hair, objectionable odors of commercial depilatories are minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: Novel bioactive metabolites from the Caribbean sponge Agelas coniferin are disclosed. These compounds are generically referred to as halopyrroles. They exhibit antiviral and antibacterial properties, and, thus, are useful for various non-therapeutic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: A novel highly effective prokaryotic expression system is exemplified specifically by being used to produce the useful enzyme .beta.-glucuronidase (BG). This system uses a hybrid plasmid comprising BG gene promotor DNA. The level of expression of BG by an E. coli K-12 derivative host is in the 50% of total cellular protein range. The invention expression system also can be used to express other useful proteins, as disclosed herein.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns pesticides comprising naturally-occurring pesticide-producing microorganisms, and the use thereof. Specifically, naturally-occurring pesticide-producing microorganisms are treated, for example with reagents, such as halogenating reagents, that prolong the activity of the pesticide produced in the cell, when the cell is applied to the environment of target pest(s).

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for preparing and using pesticides, where the pesticides are encapsulated in non-proliferating cells. The methods involve introducing a heterologous gene into a cellular host, where expression of the heterologous gene results, directly or indirectly, in production of the pesticide. These cells are then killed under conditions which prolong the pesticidal activity when said cells are applied to the environment of a target pest. The killed cells can be used directly or after formulation for treatment of an agricultural host or environment of the host with the pesticide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for decolorization of E1 effluent. Specifically, novel enzymes, designated rLDM.TM., and other ligninolytic enzymes present in the extracellular growth medium from a fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, are used to decolorize the effluent.

Abstract: Hybrid useful proteins are prepared by a novel biological system comprising a prokaryotic host transformed with novel hybrid plasmids' .beta.-glucuronidase (BG) gene DNA and the desired protein gene DNA. Specifically exemplified are plasmids which comprise BG gene DNA and protein A DNA. E. coli K-12 derivative hosts transformed with plasmid pBG3-2.DELTA.N express >60% of the desired fusion protein having protein A-like biological activity. Other useful proteins can be expressed via the elegant highly efficient expression system of the subject invention.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel enzymatic process for bleaching kraft pulp. Specifically, novel enzymes, designated rLDM.TM., and other ligninolytic enzymes present in the extracellular growth medium from a fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, are used to bleach kraft pulp to a desired lighter color.