Abstract: When using micro-resonant structures which are being excited and caused to resonate by use of a charged particle beam, whether as emitters or receivers, especially in a chip or circuit board environment, it is important to prevent the charged particle beam from coupling to or affecting other structures or layers in the chip or circuit board. Shielding can be provided along the path of the charged particle beam, on top of the substrate, to prevent such coupling.

Abstract: A video compression system is disclosed that is optimized to take advantage of the types of redundancies typically occurring on computer screens and the types of video loss acceptable to real time interactive computer users. It automatically adapts to a wide variety of changing network bandwidth conditions and can accommodate any video resolution and an unlimited number of colors. The disclosed video compression encoder can be implemented with either hardware or software and it compresses the source video into a series of data packets that are a fixed length of 8 bits or more. Sequences of one or more of these packets create unique encoding “commands” that can be sent over any network and easily decoded (decompressed) with either software or hardware. The commands include 3 dimensional copying (horizontal, vertical and time) and unique efficiencies for screen segments that are comprised of only two colors (such as text).

Abstract: A screwdriver includes a shaft fixed to a handle and having two first pawl-receiving grooves and two second pawl-receiving grooves. Two first pawl plates and two second pawl plates are disposed correspondingly in the first and second pawl-receiving grooves. Each of the first or second pawl plates has a swingable end movable between a first position, where the swingable end is biased to engage one ratchet tooth, and a second position, where the swingable end is released from the ratchet tooth. A switching ring sleeved on the shaft has actuators to move the respective first and second pawl plates to the second position.