Abstract: A method for monitoring a starting process of a motor vehicle, having a drive train including a driving motor, a torque transfer system and a transmission, a controller and an actuator, which is controlled by the controller for actuating the torque transfer system. Upon initiation of the starting process, if it is observed that the motor vehicle does not start, despite a clear starting request, appropriate measures for starting the motor vehicle are initiated.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell includes a bio-compatible body having a micro-pillar structure defining an anode compartment adapted to contain a catalyst that metabolizes glucose to generate electrons and protons. A nano-porous membrane prevents loss of the catalyst from the anode compartment, while providing fluid access for ingress of glucose fuel and egress of waste.

Abstract: A method for determining a motor vehicle mass which is implemented in conjunction with shifting an automated shift transmission from a current gear to a desired gear. In determining the mass, a value force and movement parameters are determined partly before or after the shift operation and partly during it. For the more rapid and accurate determination of mass, the drive-wheel-related traction force of the drive engine before and after the shift F_zug_vor, F_zug_nach, the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle before and after the shift, a_zug_vor, a_zug_nach, and the acceleration a_roll determined in the traction-force-free phase during the shift are determined, and from these and in accordance with the equation m=F_zug/(a_zug?a_roll), a first mass value m_vor=F_zug_vor/(a_zug_vor?a_roll) is calculated for the beginning of the shift and a second mass value m_nach=F_zug_nach/(a_zug_nach?a_roll) is calculated for the end of the shift.

Abstract: A method for shifting an automated transmission situated in a drive train of a motor vehicle between an engine and a drive axle and having at least one multi-speed main transmission and a two-speed range change group rear-mounted thereon. The main transmission has at least one counter shaft with a transmission brake. A clutch engages the prime mover and the main transmission and the range change group is shifted via unsynchronized dog clutches which are combined in pairs in a common shift set and have two shift positions and one neutral position such that, during a range change gear shift both in the main transmission and the range change group a change between two ratio stages occurs. A range change up-shift includes synchronizing the input shaft and the target gear utilizing the transmission brake and passively synchronizing the dog shifted transmission parts by the edge beveling of the concerned dog clutches.

Abstract: Described is a method for controlling a transmission for motor vehicles, especially an automatic transmission or an automatic gearbox, where a gear ratio (“1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6”) is adjusted according to operating conditions by means of pre-determined shifting programs (“0”, “Eco”, “Normal”, “Sport”, “Mountain II”, “Warm-up”, “Tip”) and corresponding specific shifting values (HS45, RS43) and where in relation to a vehicle's actual operating condition at least one special function (“Curve Recognition KE”, “Rapid Drive Pedal Release FO”, “Spontaneous Delay Vehicle SVF”, “Drive Speed Control FGR”, “Drive Dynamic control ESP”) is activated, which prevents the change from an actual gear ratio to a target gear ratio requested by a shifting program within a pre-determined operating range of a vehicle. In a first version of the method, the operating range, wherein a gear ratio change of the transmission is prevented, is changed in relation to applied specific values that depend on the operating condition.

Abstract: A drive control device of an automatic transmission of a vehicle. The transmission having a main oil pump driven by an internal combustion engine, an electrically driven auxiliary oil pump and a hydraulic control device; a device for determining the required volumetric flow rate needed to determine the oil/hydraulic target volumetric flow rate during current operating conditions, based on the transmission oil temperature; a device for determining the volumetric flow rate to determine the actual volumetric flow rate that can be delivered during the current operating conditions by the main and/or auxiliary oil pump, and a device for controlling the target volumetric flow rate to reduce the target volumetric flow rate to at least the currently deliverable actual volumetric flow rate, if the currently deliverable actual volumetric flow rate is below the current target volumetric flow rate.

Abstract: A sheet metal cylinder (1) with an axis of rotation (a) and a synchronization profile extending in axial direction (a), which can be manufactured by sheet metal shaping. The synchronization profile (4, 5) has a circumferential supporting element (6) located along its axial length (a).

Abstract: An apparatus for heat-treating products, has a retort into which the products to be treated are receivable a heating unit for heating the retort; coolant spray for spraying a liquid coolant onto products received in the retort; and a shield to substantially prevent coolant sprayed from the coolant spray from impinging on the interior of the retort. A method of protecting a retort has a retort wall defining a volume into which products to be treated are receivable, a heating unit for heating the retort, and coolant spray for spraying a liquid coolant onto products received in the retort against thermal shock, the method including a mounting shielding apparatus within the retort to substantially prevent liquid coolant sprayed from the coolant spray within the retort from impinging on the interior of the retort wall.

Abstract: A planetary gear set lubricating unit which supplies oil from inside a component adjacent the planetary gear set, via a radial bore and an oil catcher, axially through a bore of a planetary gear bolt to planetary gear bearings. The oil catcher forms a ring-shaped chamber, which can be filled with lubricant, and is arranged beside the planetary carrier approximately over the reference diameter of the planetary bolt. The oil catcher has outlet pipes extending axially to direct oil in the chamber. The oil catcher has ovular radial protrusions arranged such that a maximum radial dimension is close to the bolts and a minimum radial dimension is arranged between adjacent planetary bolts. The radially inner edge of the axial bore of the planetary bolts is radially located between the minimum and maximum dimensions of the protrusions. The chamber is delimited by a cover plate and a gasket.

Abstract: A method and a apparatus for operating an automatic synchronized transmission for motor vehicles. The transmission having a countershaft design, with a countershaft parallel to input and an output shafts, which communicate with each other and the countershaft by means of gear wheel pairs. The transmission further having at least one coupling and synchronization device for at least one idler gear, with the aid of which at least one idler gear can be rotationally fixed to a transmission shaft, such that when the motor vehicle is stationary and a starting gear is engaged, torque of the countershaft is not drive-effectively reduced. Thus, ensuring that when the starting gear is engaged, no undesired acceleration of the vehicle occurs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a locking device at a spagnolet mechanism (1), anchored in a door or window case (39), which mechanism comprises a central adjusting mechanism (2), from which locking rods (7) originate in mutually opposite directions, the free ends of the locking rods (7) being anchored in recesses (41) in a frame (40), a locking bolt (42) being responsible for the locking, which is pivotable around a stationary revolving spindle pin (44) by the locking rods, which locking bolt (42) via a connection link (43) with joints adjacent its ends in a locking house (16) is connected to the associated locking rod. According to the invention the locking bolt (42) is partially inserted into the locking house (16) and is anchored there by way of the revolving spindle pin (44).

Abstract: An arrangement for the non-contact measurement of torque on a shaft of a transmission. The arrangement having at least one detector (1) for detecting a variation in a magnetic field (2) as a function of a torque applied to the shaft. The shaft is a hollow shaft (3) and the detector (1) is arranged inside the hollow shaft (3).

Abstract: A method for accurately laser scribing lines on a panel utilising a laser beam scanner unit (13) including an optical system and a scanner lens. The unit (13) moves a laser beam (12) in a first direction (X), to scribe sections of lines (15) on the panel (11) that are a fraction of the total line length required and then moving the unit (13) continuously with respect to the panel (11) in a second direction (Y), perpendicular to the first direction (X), to form a band (16) of scribe lines. The scanner unit (13) is positioned so that the starting position of scribe lines in each band next to be processed overlap exactly the finishing position ends of scribe lines in the last band that has been processed so that all scribe lines interconnect. The method repeats the using and moving steps to form a plurality of parallel bands of scribe lines which cover the area of the panel.

Abstract: A method for controlling an automotive hydraulic pump, wherein the hydraulic pump is activated to increase the pressure in a hydraulic accumulator associated therewith once the pressure falls below a predetermined lower pressure threshold, and the hydraulic pump is switched off once the pressure exceeds a predetermined upper pressure threshold value (P_O). The solution is to reduce fuel consumption of the vehicle, wherein the hydraulic pump is activated during different operating phases of the vehicle at different lower pressure values (P_U1, P_U2) in the event of a hydraulic pressure drop in the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: A hydraulic system in motor vehicles with at least one hydraulically actuated clutch, which entails minimized control complexity for supplying the clutch with hydraulic oil and which takes up less structural space. These characteristics are achieved essentially in that the pressure control of the hydraulically actuated clutch is effected directly and exclusively by an electrically driven and electronically controlled oil pump.

Abstract: A method of shifting an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle having a hydrodynamic converter (6). The method comprising the steps of detecting a presence of predetermined stopping conditions; determining that a driver of the motor vehicle intends to cause the motor vehicle to change from a driving state to a stopped state, based on the presence of one of the predetermined stopping conditions; and automatically shifting the automatic transmission (8) into a standby mode, before the driving state has concluded. The shifting into the standby mode typically occurs when a rotational speed of the hydrodynamic converter (6) decreases to less than a rotational speed (120) of a motor and the retarder apparatus (10), of the automatic transmission, is disengaged no later than a time by which shifting into the standby mode occurs.

Abstract: A parking lock gear (1) for a parking lock arrangement for locking an output shaft of a transmission of a vehicle has teeth (5). An annular element (2) is fixed to the parking lock gear (1) and has outer teeth (3) which engage an actuated locking pawl.

Abstract: A steering system for tracked vehicles having two brake circuits which is activated after a failure of the primary steering mechanism. The steering system includes a steering switch (L) that can be controlled by a steering axle which, in the event of primary steering system failure, acts upon the brakes of the vehicle in such a manner that rotation of the steering axle results in a braking action upon a track on the inside of a curve.

Abstract: A method for polarmetric analysis of scattering media. A first step involves directing stimulus from a linearly polarized stimulus source at a sample. A second step involves directing the stimulus coming from the sample through a collimating system into a polarization segregation unit which causes the stimulus to be segregated into a linearly polarized unscattered component and a depolarized scattered component. A third step involves quantification of scattering processes through computationally comparing the unscattered component and the scattered component.

Abstract: A device for actuating a disk clutch (B) in a transmission, which consists of an actuating piston-cylinder arrangement with rotation pressure compensation, whose actuating piston (6) is associated with a pressure chamber (4) for a pressure medium fluid to produce the actuating force, and in which a pressure compensation chamber (26) is provided, in which by virtue of centrifugal action a pressure medium fluid produces on the actuating piston a compensation force directed in opposition to the actuation direction of the actuating piston, the pressure chamber and the pressure compensation chamber each having a delivery line (9, 21) for pressure medium fluid.