Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting an epoxide to an alcohol. The process according to the invention is enzymatically catalyzed and highly enantioselective and regiospecific.

Abstract: Compounds of formulae: where X is S or O and Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R8, n, m, and t are disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “3-substituted Pyridyl Compound”), compositions comprising an effective amount of a 3-substituted Pyridyl Compound, and methods for treating or preventing pain, urinary incontinence, an ulcer, inflammatory-bowel disease, irritable-bowel syndrome, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure, a pruritic condition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit, restricted brain function, Huntington's chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, retinopathy, a muscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia or depression in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a 3-substituted Pyridyl Compound are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula: wherein X is S or O and A, R1, R2, R3, R4, n, and m are disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “Pyridazinylpiperazine Compound”), compositions comprising a Pyridazinylpiperazine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD and IBS in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Pyridazinylpiperazine Compound are disclosed herein.

Abstract: 4-Tetrazolyl-4-phenylpiperidine Compounds, compositions comprising an effective amount of a 4-Tetrazolyl-4-phenylpiperidine Compound, methods for treating or preventing pain or diarrhea in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a 4-Tetrazolyl-4-phenylpiperidine Compound and methods for stimulating opioid-receptor function in a cell comprising contacting a cell capable of expressing an opioid receptor with an effective amount of a 4-Tetrazolyl-4-phenylpiperidine Compound are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to variant polypeptides having enhanced ketoreductase activity and/or thermostability for use in the stereospecific reduction of ketones. In addition, the present invention is directed to polynucleotides that encode the ketoreductase polypeptides, including codon optimized versions of the polynucleotides which provide for enhanced expression in host cells. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to nucleotide constructs, vectors and host cells that are transformed with polynucleotides of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel halohydrin dehalogenase polypeptides and the polynucleotides that encode them. These polypeptides are useful in the production of 4-substituted-3-butyric acid derivatives and vicinal cyano, hydroxyl substituted carboxylic acid esters. The invention also provides related vectors, host cells and methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an LNA oligonucleotide consisting of a sequence selected from the group consisting of 5?-(Tx)GxGxcsasasgscsastscscsTxGxT-3? and 5?-(Gx)TxTxascstsgscscststscsTxTxA-3?, wherein capital letters designate a beta-D-oxy-LNA nucleotide analogue, small letters designate a 2-deoxynucleotide, underline designates either a beta-D-oxy-LNA nucleotide analogue or a 2-deoxynucleotide, subscript “s” designates a phosphorothioate link between neighbouring nucleotides/LNA nucleotide analogues, and subscript “x” designates either a phosphorothioate link or a phosphorodiester link between neighbouring nucleotides/LNA nucleotide analogues, and wherein the sequence is optionally extended by up to five 2-deoxynucleotide units. The LNA oligonucleotides are useful for modulating the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), e.g. in the treatment of cancer diseases, inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, preventing cellular proliferation, or treating an angiogenic disease, e.g.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods which permit the oral use of adenosine and adenosine phosphates for cardiovascular applications such as pulmonary artery hypertension, cardiac failure and other diseases. Certain compositions in accordance with the invention have enhanced AMP gastrointestinal bioavailability and thus efficacy. The invention prolongs the activity of adenosine and adenosine phosphates when administered intravenously. In particular, the invention contemplates methods of treating several human (as well as animal) cardiovascular and neurological medical conditions that could be improved by an effective amount of adenosine, ATP or AMP combined with dialkylaminoalcohols and their salts.

Abstract: A compound of formula: wherein Ar1, A, R3, x, and m are as disclosed herein and Ar2 is a benzothiazolyl, benzooxazolyl, or benzoimidazolyl group or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “Benzoazolylpiperazine Compound”), compositions comprising a Benzoazolylpiperazine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD, IBS, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure, a pruritic condition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit, restricted brain function, Huntington's chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, retinopathy, a muscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia, or depression in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Benzoazolylpiperazine Compound are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for trading of a commoditized product through a distributed network of computers, and for delivering the commoditized products after the trade. The system includes an order matching routine, a payment routine, a product qualification routine, and a distribution routine. The invention provides for secure electronic trading of a commoditized product through a hub centric platform that provides for a real order exchange in a real time environment, allows individual buyers and sellers to remain anonymous to each other, eliminates size or volume as a means of discrimination for transaction, and maximizes distribution efficiency.

Abstract: Piperidine Compounds; compositions comprising a Piperidine Compound; and methods for treating or preventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD, IBS, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure, a pruritic condition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit, restricted brain function, Huntington's chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, retinopathy, a muscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia, or depression in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Piperidine Compound are disclosed. In one embodiment, the Piperidine Compound has the formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Ar1, Ar2, X, R3, R4, and m are as disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods, composition, and intermediates are disclosed that are useful for making 4-Tetrazolyl-4-phenylpiperidine Compounds according to Formula I, where Ar1 is —C3-C8 cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or -(5-7-membered) heteroaryl, each being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R2 groups; Ar2 is phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl or -(5-7-membered) heteroaryl, each being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R2 groups; Z1 and Z2 are each independently a —(C1-C4 alkyl) group; R1 is —(CH2)nC(O)N(R3)(R4) where R3 and R4 are each independently H or —(C1-C4 alkyl); R2 is halogen, —C1-C3 alkyl, —O—(C1-C3 alkyl), —NH(C1-C3 alkyl) or —N(C1-C3 alkyl)2; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; m is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; and, in certain embodiments, the phenyl moiety attached to the 4-position of the piperidine ring of a compound according to Formula I can be optionally substituted with one or more R2 groups.

Abstract: A set of 4,7-dichlororhodamine compounds useful as fluorescent dyes are disclosed having the structures wherein R1-R6 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrile, lower alkoxy, linking group, or, when taken together, R1 and R6 is benzo, or, when taken together, R4 and R5 is benzo; R7-R10, R12-R16 and R18 may be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrile, lower alkoxy, linking group; R11 and R17 may be hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, phenyl, aryl, linking group; Y1-Y4 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl, or, when taken together, Y1 and R2, Y2 and R1 Y3 and R3, and/or Y4 and R4 is propano, ethano, or substituted forms thereof; and X1-X3 taken separately are hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, lower alkyl, carboxylate, sulfonate, hydroxymethyl, and linking group, or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel halohydrin dehalogenase polypeptides and the polynucleotides that encode them. These polypeptides are useful in the production of 4-substituted-3-butyric acid derivatives and vicinal cyano, hydroxyl substituted carboxylic acid esters. The invention also provides related vectors, host cells and methods.

Abstract: An ESD protection system for an image sensor array includes a two-dimensional array of pixels formed on a substrate. Each of the pixels is connected to a gate line and a data line. The system includes a common ESD bus and at least one ESD protection circuit formed on the substrate. The protection circuit includes: a pair of thin film transistors connected in a back-to-back configuration with a first terminal connected to one of the gate lines, and a second terminal connected to the common ESD bus. Upon the occurrence of an electrostatic discharge onto the gate line causing the voltage across the terminals to exceed a threshold value, the protection circuit discharges the ESD charge from the gate line to the ESD bus, thereby preventing damage to each of the switching transistors in the pixels connected to the gate line.

Abstract: Fluorescent phenyl xanthene dyes are described that comprise any fluorescein, rhodamine or rhodol comprising a particular C9 phenyl ring. One or both of the ortho groups on the lower C9 phenyl ring is ortho substituted with a group selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, amino, mercapto, alkylthio, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, mercaptocyanato, nitroso, nitro, azido, sulfeno, sulfinyl, and sulfino. In one embodiment, halo and/or hydroxy groups are used. Optimal dyes contain a lower C9 phenyl ring in which both ortho groups are the same and the lower ring exhibits some form a symmetry relative to an imaginary axis running from the phenyl rings point of attachment to the remainder of the xanthene dye through a point para to the point of attachment. The phenyl xanthene dyes may be activated. Furthermore, the phenyl xanthene dyes may be conjugated to one or more substances including other dyes.

Abstract: Triazaspiro Compounds, compositions comprising a Triazaspiro Compound, methods for treating or preventing pain in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Triazaspiro Compound and methods for stimulating opioid-receptor function in a cell comprising contacting a cell capable of expressing an opioid receptor with an effective amount of a Triazaspiro Compound are disclosed.

Abstract: New lipase enzymes (both nucleic acids and polypeptides) are provided. Compositions which include these polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant cells, as well as methods involving the enzymes, antibodies to the enzymes, and methods of using the enzymes are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel and known alpha-aminoamide compounds, to a process for their preparation, to pharmaceutical composition containing them and to their use as therapeutic agents. In particular, the compounds of the present invention are endowed with analgesic properties and are particularly useful for the treatment and alleviation of chronic and neuropathic pain.