Abstract: A method for producing polyester modified, polyurethane foam having a density of from about 1 to 40 pounds per cubic foot, and the product produced by said method, are disclosed and claimed. A first composition or mixture is prepared comprising a relatively high molecular weight polyol, and a minor but effective amount of a hydroxy-containing, unsaturated polyester, soluble in or miscible with the polyol; a second composition or mixture is prepared comprising an isocyanate or polyisocyanate soluble in or miscible with a vinylidene type cross-linking monomer for the unsaturated polyester, the cross-linking monomer being exemplified by styrene, said first and second mixtures being blended together just prior to production of the foam, thereby enabling the production of a more homogeneous foamed product having improved physical properties, especially those enhancing the product's usefulness for insulation purposes.

Abstract: Polyurethane modified polyurea foams having a finer cell structure and an increased volume of finished product are prepared by reacting crude organic di- or polyisocyanates with a mixture of polyether polyols and an alkylene or dialkyl carbonate in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst, a silicone surfactant and a blowing agent selected from water, which reacts with the di- or polyisocyanate to generate CO.sub.2, fluorocarbons having a boiling point below 60.degree. C. and mixed with water and methylene chloride mixed with water.

Abstract: An improved method of stripping unreacted alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and unreacted monocarboxylic or halogenated monocarboxylic acids from a mixture containing the monocarboxylic acid ester prepared therefrom by acid catalyzed esterification without any significant loss of the product ester. The method involves the injection of water into the distillate during the stripping and is particularly suitable for the recovery of propylene glycol monomethyl ether and acetic acid from esterification reaction mixtures containing a predominate amount of product propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. The process allows for removal and recovery or recycle of the ether and acid and the preparation of a higher purity product ester.

Abstract: Diphenylmethane dicarbamates and polymethylene polyphenyl carbamate homologs and derivatives of these compounds are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of an N-aryl carbamic acid ester, such as ethylphenylcarbamate, with a carbonyl compound, such as formaldehyde, at a reaction temperature of from about 30.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. while removing any water added with the reactants and the water of condensation formed in the reaction, by azeotropic distillation with an azeotroping solvent which is non-reactive with the reactants and products of the condensation and which form a binary minimum-boiling azeotrope with water within the condensation, temperature range at atmospheric, sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aldehydes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group containing one or more benzenoid rings which comprises reacting an aryl acid halide with an organozinc compound in solvent in the presence of a palladium metal complex catalyst.

Abstract: A binder system is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles, such as flake or particle board, which incorporates an internal release agent and comprises an emulsifiable organic di- or polyisocyanate and an emulsifiable carboxy functional siloxane. The emulsifiable carboxy functional siloxane is preblended with the di- or polyisocyanate providing for increased mold release properties.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the preparation of polyhydroxybutadienes (hydroxy-containing butadiene homopolymers) which comprises injecting an aqueous solution of alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite into the polyhydroxybutadiene solvent recovery section to prevent fouling.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of N-alkyl-monosubstituted carbamates by reacting an aliphatic primary amine, urea and a monohydric aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst and optionally an inert solvent.

Abstract: Improved polyimide and/or polyamide-imide coating compositions are provided for use as magnet wire coatings which comprise a polyimide and/or polyamide-imide polymer and a co-solvent mixture of N-methyl pyrrolidone and acetophenone the solids content of the solution being between about 5 percent and 40 percent by weight based on the total weight of solution.

Abstract: An adhesive binder composition is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles such as flake or particle board, made from moldable compositions which comprises an organic di- or polyisocyanate a liquid aromatic epoxide and lignin, for application to the lignocellulosic material prior to the molding process to form the composite product.

Abstract: Synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by the oxidative carbonylation of liquid monohydric saturated alcohols of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising palladium or a salt thereof in combination with vanadium in the oxide (V.sub.2 O.sub.5, V.sub.2 O.sub.4, V.sub.2 O.sub.3) form and titanium or a non-hydrolyzable salt thereof, said catalyst being present in a heterogeneous phase.

Abstract: Synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by the heterogeneous catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of liquid monohydric saturated alcohols of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising palladium or a salt thereof in combination with a single phase crystalline vanadium-phosphorus containing compound consisting of vanadium in an oxide form and an oxide of phosphorus.

Abstract: Synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by the heterogeneous catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of liquid monohydric saturated alcohols of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising palladium or a salt thereof in combination with a crystalline vanadium-phosphorus-manganese containing compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid by the catalytic oxidation of isobutyric acid with oxygen in an aqueous solution in the presence of a TlCl.sub.3 or TlBr.sub.3 catalyst and a Cu, Sn, or Fe halide compound as a redox agent. Optionally alkali metal halides may be employed to promote catalysis and control the halide concentration.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid by the stoichiometric oxidation of isobutyric acid in aqueous solution at temperatures of from about 50.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. in the presence of a thallic (Tl.sup.+3) salt.

Abstract: Synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by the heterogeneous catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of liquid monohydric saturated alcohols of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising palladium or a salt thereof in combination with a crystalline vanadium-phosphorus-iron containing compound.

Abstract: Synthesis of dialkyl oxalates by the heterogeneous catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of liquid monohydric saturated alcohols of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising palladium or a salt thereof in combination with a crystalline vanadium-phosphorus-titanium containing compound.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols are stabilized against oxidative degradation by incorporating therein a synergistic stabilizing composition containing (1) a mixture of butylated phenols consisting of 2-tertiary butyl phenol, 3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate and 1,6-hexamethylene bis(3,5-ditertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) or tetrakis [methylene(3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] methane (2) a p,p'-dialkyldiphenylamine such as p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine and (3) a phenothiazine compound. Polyurethane foams are stabilized against scorching when the stabilized polyols are utilized in the foam preparation or the stabilizing composition is added with other reactants.

Abstract: An improved adhesive binder composition is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles such as flake or particleboard, made from moldable compositions which comprises an organic di- or polyisocyanate and a cyclic alkylene ester of carbonic acid and optionally lignin, for application to the lignocellulosic material prior to the molding process to form the composite product.

Abstract: A two step hydrothermal process for the preparation of zeolite A from clinoptilolite by (1) heat treating a mixture of clinoptilolite in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and filtering the mixture followed by (2) reacting the filtrate with at least 75 percent of a stoichiometric amount of sodium aluminate to form and precipitate zeolite A from solution and recovering zeolite A.