Abstract: The detrimental effects of fluctuating humidity are neutralized by adjusting the viscosity of a waterborne coating as it is being conducted to the spraying device. A predetermined amount of water or other viscosity modifying additive is mixed continuously with the coating in the coating supply line immediately upstream from the spray device. The amount of water or other additive to be added may be determined by monitoring the humidity in the spray zone. Preferably, an automated feedback control system is employed to adjust the amount of water or other viscosity altering additive being mixed into the coating stream.

Abstract: Novel hydroxy ester, hydroxy amide, and amide functional compounds are provided comprising the reaction product of:(a) an active ester functional material having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is derived from a polyisocyanate; m is at least 2; R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl or alkoxy group; and R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group; and(b) ammonia, a diol, or an amino functional material having the structure:R.sup.4 --NH--(R.sup.5).sub.x --(R.sup.6 OR.sup.7).sub.ywherein R.sup.4 is --H or alkanol; R.sup.5 is a polyvalent linking group comprising alkylene, alkylamino, urethane, or amido; x is 0 or 1; R.sup.6 is a divalent linking group comprising alkylene, silane, or siloxane; R.sup.7 is H or a lower alkyl; and y is 1 to 3. The compound is useful in curable film-forming compositions.

Abstract: A glass fiber forming bushing assembly wherein the bushing is supported by a frame is disclosed wherein portions of the frame are angled outwardly and downwardly. The result is a larger amount of insulating refractory between the bushing and the frame at the plane of the tip plate at the bottom of the bushing. This provides more uniform thermal conditions across the bushing. Structural integrity is provided by protrusions extending from the angled side frame portions into the refractory.

Abstract: An amphoteric, hair fixative polymer for use in hair sprays, gels, and the like contains 40-90 percent of a hydroxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, 1-20 percent of an acid-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 1-20 percent of an amine-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The polymer has hydroxyl, acid and amine functionalities and, while being insoluble in water, can be solubilized in water by the use of amine neutralizers, acidic neutralizers, or by solubilizing in alcohol-water mixtures. The polymers provide hair fixatives that are fast drying, and have excellent curl retention with low curl droop.

Abstract: The detrimental effects of fluctuating humidity are neutralized by adjusting the viscosity of a waterborne coating as it is being conducted to the spraying device. A predetermined amount of water or other viscosity modifying additive is mixed continuously with the coating in the coating supply line immediately upstream from the spray device. The amount of water or other additive to be added may be determined by monitoring the humidity in the spray zone. Preferably, an automated feedback control system is employed to adjust the amount of water or other viscosity altering additive being mixed into the coating stream.

Abstract: Organo-metal oxide chelates stable in aqueous compositions are provided by the reaction of metal alkoxide--where the metal is titanium, zinc, tungsten, or tin--and a polyalkylene glycol. Specific compounds are the reaction product of tetra alkyl titanates with diethylene glycol. Aqueous coating compositions containing the chelates may be applied to fiber glass at the filament stage or after forming into mats. When heat treated, the coated fiber glass serves as photocatalytic media.

Abstract: An active ester compound having an alkoxy group is provided having the structure: wherein:R.sup.1 is derived from a polyisocyanate R.sup.1 (NCO).sub.m reacted with an active hydrogen-containing material to form the urethane group in the compound;m is an integer of at least 2; andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.The compound is useful as a crosslinking agent when combined with active hydrogen-containing resinous binders in curable film-forming compositions.

Abstract: A coating composition contains an active hydrogen group-containing polymer (e.g., polyol and/or polyester) and a polyisocyanate curing agent. The polyisocyanate curing agent contains (i) at least 5 weight percent triaminononane triisocyanate, and (ii) at least 5 weight percent of a polyisocyanate different from (i) wherein the percentages are based on the total resin solids content of the coating composition. The composition exhibits a combination of good adhesion and rapid dry time that makes the composition particularly useful as an automotive refinish coating.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for spray painting of an article where the paint is heated to reduce the viscosity prior to being fed to a paint spray device such as an electrostatic paint spray device. A heat exchange unit is provided between each of a plurality paint supply sources and a paint spray device of a paint spray station, the heat exchange unit located closely adjacent to a respective paint spray device such that only paint being supplied to a paint spray device is heated by a respective heat exchange unit. The heat exchange unit preferably uses a hot dielectric oil for indirect heat exchange with the paint, and preferably a volume of heated paint between a heat exchange unit and a respective paint spray device is only about 15 percent or less of the volume of paint in the heat exchange unit, while the volume of heated paint is about one to three times the volume per minute of flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of urethane polymers and vinyl polymers (e.g., acrylics) that provide water-based coating compositions with good adhesion following humidity exposure are further improved by providing branching chain extension of the polyurethane. The branched polymers provide improved metallic pigment orientation in coating compositions. Branching is provided by the use of chain extending agents selected from polyamines having at least three primary amine groups and polyols having at least three hydroxyl groups. The vinyl monomers are polymerized in the presence of the aqueously dispersed polyurethane.

Abstract: A paint roller tray is provided adapted for use with a flexible paint container. In one embodiment, the tray is provided with an orifice in a side wall portion that can be connected by way of a conduit to the paint container. By merely lifting the paint container above the level of the tray, paint flows into the tray in a completely enclosed path, whereby drips or spills are precluded. In another embodiment, a unitary package is provided that combines a roller tray with container means to hold a quantity of liquid paint, and conduit means to direct paint from the container into the tray portion of the apparatus. The apparatus is preferably disposable.

Abstract: Hydroxy functional, unsaturated diesters are disclosed that comprise the esterification reaction products of unsaturated anhydrides with secondary alcohols to form monoesters, followed by oxyalkylation of the monoester with epoxy compounds, whereby a diester is formed with hydroxy functionality. Use of secondary alcohol yields monoesters less prone to disproportionation. The unsaturated diesters may be copolymerized with vinyl monomers to form hydroxy functional copolymers useful in coating applications, wherein they may be included in compositions along with a curing agent that is reactive with hydroxy groups.

Abstract: An aqueous two-component polyisocyanate coating composition is based on an essentially isocyanate-free emulsifier that comprises the reaction product of:(i) an isocyanate and(ii) a member selected from the group consisting of: hydroxy functional polyalkyl ethers containing at least five ethylene oxide, alcohols different from said polyalkyl ethers, amine compounds, and combinations thereof. The hydroxy functional polyalkyl ether is provided in a quantity sufficient to react at least one equivalent of isocyanate groups in polyisocyanate (i), and the total amounts of reactants (ii) are sufficient to react all of the isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate (i).

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of urethane polymers and vinyl polymers (e.g., acrylics) are disclosed that provide water-based coating compositions with good adhesion following humidity exposure. The dispersion is predominately urethane, and the polyurethane is made from a first and a second polyisocyanate, the first polyisocyanate having at least one open carbon chain greater than six carbon atoms in length between two isocyanate groups, preferably at least eight carbon atoms in length. The vinyl monomers are polymerized in the presence of the aqueously dispersed polyurethane.

Abstract: Photoreactive compounds are synthesized from 2,5- or 2,6-dinitrobenzyl groups. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing reactive monomers containing 2,5- or 2,6-dinitrobenzyl groups.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of urethane polymers are disclosed that provide water-based coating compositions with good adhesion following humidity exposure. The polyurethane is made from a first and a second polyisocyanate, the first polyisocyanate having at least one open carbon chain greater than six carbon atoms in length between two isocyanate groups, preferably at least eight carbon atoms in length. The dispersion is particularly useful as a binder resin in coating compositions having pigments that normally have a detrimental effect on adhesion.

Abstract: Improved application latitude, including blister resistance, has been found attainable using a coating formulation that includes a water dispersible resin comprising the addition copolymerization reaction product of vinyl monomers including an acid group containing monomer, an N-(alkoxymethyl)acrylamide or N-(alkoxymethyl)methacrylamide monomer, and at least one other vinyl monomer, the reaction being carried out in the presence of a solvent including a polyol, wherein the OH groups of polyol molecule are of unequal reactivity. The copolymer may be blended with an amine modified epoxy resin to form a coating composition particularly suitable for application onto metal surfaces such as can stock.

Abstract: A polymeric surfactant comprises the reaction product of ethylentcally unsaturated monomers at least 40 percent by weight of which are acid group containing monomers, including a combination of both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, at least a portion of the acid groups being neutralized by a base. Also disclosed is an aqueous acrylic latex made by polymerizing a second polymer from ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of said polymeric surfactant, whereby the latex comprises polymeric particles containing two polymers. The latex may be used to advantage in very low V.O.C. coatings that may be spray applied.

Abstract: A cationic final rinse metal treatment composition comprises a water soluble or water dispersible phenolic polymer which is the reaction product of: an amino phenol and either an anhydride-containing polymer or a di-epoxide, said polymer including a group imparting cationic functionality to the polymer.

Abstract: Pressurizable thermoplastic containers, such as those made from polyethylene terephthalate containing a polyurethane layer on the exterior surface thereof are disclosed. The polyurethane layer which is typically applied by a coating process provides the bottle with resistance to stress cracking. The containers are useful as refillable bottles for carbonated beverages which have a tendency to stress crack.