Abstract: The invention produces a document-image reading device that can analyze a speed fluctuation state of a scanner when scanning an image in the feed direction by separately extracting speed fluctuation components by determining a change in density of references scale lines; and, on the basis of the analysis result, prevents the occurrence of an image blur that can result from unstable factors of a driving mechanism of the device. The document-image reading device, which reads document image data at a specified time interval given by a reference clock signal, comprises an image sensor that can read a document image while the document-image reading device or the document moves in the feed direction. Additionally, the document-image reading device includes a chart reader for reading a reference chart portion having alternations of high-density and low-density divisions that are arranged one after another at a distance interval equal to the least pitch readable by the document-image reading device.

Abstract: A composite casting process for the production of brake elements is described. The brake element has a hub and a flange for fastening to a vehicle wheel, and brake body component bearing a friction surface for interaction with brake jaws for braking The brake body component is made of a first cast iron material having lamellar graphite with a high resistance to thermal shocks, and the hub and the flange are made of a second cast iron material with a higher-grade tensile strength greater than the tensile strength of the first cast iron material. The brake body component is connected to the hub by forming a material union between the hub and the brake body component by casting a melt of one of the cast iron materials on a solid body of the other cast iron material that is placed into a mold cavity. After the casting of the melt forming the material union, which forms a juncture between the cast iron materials, a temperature is provided that is at least 10° C.