Abstract: A dryer for drying material carried along and dried by hot gases including a hollow rotatable drying drum with an inlet and a discharge end, means for driving the drum in rotation and a group of flights projecting into the gas flow stream to break up the material and retard the speed of flow of the material with the flowing gases with the flights arranged in one group at the outer periphery inside the drum and the other supported on a central axially extending core member arranged on the ends of arms projecting radially from the core member to provide satellite groups which are adjustable in a radial rotational and axial directions to change their location relative to the gas flow.

Abstract: A disk refiner for producing paper pulp has two counter-rotating rotors to which are mounted refining disks which spin with respect to one another to refine a stream of suspended pulp. Each disk has an outer disk ring with a plurality of radially extending refiner bars. The outer disk ring is substantially annular. A fastener extends into a threaded mounting hole in the outer disk ring to connect it to a rotor support. An inner disk ring has a plurality of protruding refiner bars which extend radially toward the outer ring. A mounting tab extends from the inner disk ring refiner bars beneath the outer disk ring. Fasteners extend through mounting holes in the mounting tab to connect the inner disk ring to the support. The fastener is covered by the outer disk ring and substantially protected from erosion thereby.

Abstract: A hydraulic crown support system employs a stationary cross head mounted within a cylinder or beneath an extended nip shoe. Individual hydraulic pistons are disposed along the stationary cross head, which, under the force of hydraulic pressure, support the inner wall of a roll or an extended nip shoe. The displacement of the support cylinders is controlled through one or more adjustable ports formed in the sidewall of the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders which support the roll or extended nip shoe. With a piston which extends from one end of the stationary cross head to the other, some tilting from one side to the other of the cross head can be achieved by the adjustment of the pressure ports, thus compensating for misalignment in the vertical direction between an extended nip or crown-controlled roll.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the invention provides a motor control system comprising an adjustable frequency driver coupled between the motor and a power supply, a programmable controller coupled to the driver and operative to control the driver, a set of control signals coupled to the programmable controller, and a set of selectable speed signals coupled to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being programmed to select one of the speed signals and causing same to be transmitted to the driver for controlling the speed of the motor in accordance with the control signals.

Abstract: An extended nip press apparatus is disclosed for removing water from a web. The apparatus includes a rotatable backing roll and an elongate shoe which cooperate with the backing roll for defining therebetween an extended nip for the passage therethrough of the web. The shoe defines a concave surface. A bearing blanket is movably disposed between the backing roll and the concave surface. The arrangement is such that the web is supported by the blanket with the web being disposed between the blanket and the backing roll. A lubricant is supplied between the concave surface and the blanket such that the blanket is slidingly supported by the concave surface during passage of the blanket through the extended nip. The concave surface encompasses a pocket defined by the shoe.

Abstract: An extended nip press has a heated backing roll, on the surface of which a paper web is preheated before it passes through the extended nip. The paper web is restrained on the surface of the backing roll to achieve post-pressing drying. During a portion of the post-pressing drying, the extended nip press may be arranged so that the paper web is not backed by the pressing/drying felt, thus allowing free venting from the web to occur. In some cases, this zone will be augmented by a vacuum assist unit to draw steam away. This high temperature press is capable of outgoing dryness in the range of sixty-five percent versus fifty percent for conventional technology. This combination of high temperature pressing and drying can be expected to improve the maximum strength of the web by approximately 20 percent or more over conventional pressing methods. Two high temperature press dryers of this invention may be combined to achieve outgoing dryness of approximately seventy percent.

Abstract: A multi-ply web forming apparatus is disclosed for forming a top ply on a base ply. The former includes a looped lower forming wire for receiving the base ply thereon and a top looped forming wire cooperating with and disposed above the lower wire for defining therebetween a generally horizontally disposed forming section having a first and a second end. A turning bar defines a curved surface for guiding the lower wire. A secondary headbox ejects stock towards and onto the base ply. A curved dewatering shoe is disposed beneath the lower wire such that a portion of water from the top ply is ejected through the top wire. A vacuum slot collects a portion of water upwardly away from the top wire. An inverted vacuum box is disposed downstream relative to the vacuum slot and a plurality of dewatering blades disposed between a curved face of the vacuum box and the top wire guide the top wire therepast.

Abstract: The refiner plate for a low consistency pulp refiner has a multiplicity of curved bars or zig-zag bars, or a combination of the two. The operation of a disc refiner causes a rapid and frequent flexure over a brief time period of the individual fibers in a pulp mass, with the result that the bond between the various concentric lamellae comprising an individual fiber are broken down or delaminated to a controlled, desired extent. The individual bars which traverse a surface of the rotating and fixed plates dissipate the power supplied by the central shaft to the rotating plate. The multiplicity of curved bars or zig-zag bars, or a combination of the two have a longer bar length, and therefore lower the power dissipation per bar and per bar unit length. The flow of pulp containing the fiber also generally follows the channels between the bars so that longer bar path length results in longer residence time.

Abstract: An opening device for opening bagged refuse to liberate the contents of the bag, in which garbage bags are transported along a conveyor, and a plurality of endless chains having tines attached thereto are operated above the conveyor. As bags pass under the endless chains, tines extending downwardly from the chains pierce the garbage bags. Adjacent chains are operated at different speeds, and the tines move at different speeds relative to the conveyor, tearing the bags, liberating the refuse.

Abstract: A chamber has an aperture which opens downwardly to the atmosphere and an upwardly opening air return passage. A nozzle-forming duct is inclined upwardly at approximately sixty degrees to the horizontal, and a fan mounted therein directs moving air into the chamber. An upwardly inclined ramp is positioned within the duct, and communicates between the chamber and a downwardly opening hole in the floor of the duct. A metered supply of wood chips is fed down a sixty degree incline onto the ramp through the air stream which is moving through the duct. Lightweight chips become entrained in the air and are separated from the rocks, tramp metal and knots which slide down the inclined surface and exit through a hole in the duct. The entrained wood chips, together with the air from the fan, are directed into a curved baffle spaced within the chamber. By forcing the air and chips to move in a curved path, the curved baffle uses centrifugal force to separate the chips from the air stream.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.

Abstract: The bars of one of two sets of interleaved screen bars is extended beyond the interleaved portion of the screen bed, thus forming a region of the screen bed which has screens particles of intermediate dimensions. A second improvement is a clamping member which holds the downwardly extending legs of individual bars of the screen. The clamping member is a steel channel which has a steeply peaked roof between legs which sheds particles. The bar legs fit into slots which penetrate the peaked roof transverse to the lengthwise direction of the channel. The legs are retained by transverse bolts which pass through the vertical sidewalls of the channel and the legs, retaining and clamping them. The third improvement mounts the clamping member to a flange which may be traversed by a screw and bolt arrangement such that the clamping member may be adjusted in its lateral position. A fourth improvement is a clamping member which extends longitudinally and which has a keyway formed therein.

Abstract: The bars of one of two sets of interleaved screen bars is extended beyond the interleaved portion of the screen bed, thus forming a region of the screen bed which has screens particles of intermediate dimensions. A second improvement is a clamping member which holds the downwardly extending legs of individual bars of the screen. The clamping member is a steel channel which has a steeply peaked roof between legs which sheds particles. The bar legs fit into slots which penetrate the peaked roof transverse to the lengthwise direction of the channel. The legs are retained by transverse bolts which pass through the vertical sidewalls of the channel and the legs, retaining and clamping them. The third improvement mounts the clamping member to a flange which may be traversed by a screw and bolt arrangement such that the clamping member may be adjusted in its lateral position. A fourth improvement is a clamping member which extends longitudinally and which has a keyway formed therein.

Abstract: A wood chip cracking device for use in papermaking employs closely spaced, oppositely rotating rolls which have pyramid-shaped projections on the roll surfaces. This chip destructuring apparatus is rendered readily serviceable with minimal downtime by constructing the roll surface of removable segments which are bolted to a central rotatable shaft. The segments are sized so they can be lifted by a service man. As damage to the roll surface, such as by exposure to tramp metal, is typically limited to a single segment, service and repair of the roll is expedited by permitting removal of a single damaged segment without removing the remaining undamaged segments. Each sector is bored for twelve bolts and is affixed to the central axis by twelve recessed bolts. The surface segments allow the surface to be replaced without removing the rolls from the frame of the wood chip cracking device.

Abstract: An apparatus for starting the lead end of a traveling web on a core wherein an endless belt is carried on four rollers with two lower rollers carried on swinging arms which are pivotally spread to maintain a uniform tension in the belt and the rollers are supported on a carrier beam which is brought down to cause the belt to wrap the major portion of a core being wound. A cut lead end of a web is fed into the nip between the belt and the core, either by an air jet, a lifting finger or by the belt being brought in close proximity with the supporting drum so that the lead end of the web feeds into the nip between the belt and the core and is wrapped around the core for the full span that the belt wraps the core. The belt is maintained in contact with the roll, wrapping it as the roll builds up.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for apparatus for reeling a traveling web into a reel includes a pair of spaced, parallel guides for supporting a tube on which the web is to be wound. The guides are mounted on pivotable arms and the tubes are rotatably supported in a carriage at either end, which carriages are adapted to traverse the guides as the diameter of the wound web reel grows. A looped, motor-driven belt is disposed over a drive wheel on the carriage to provide torque to the tube continuously from when the tube is initially nipped with a backing roll to when the wound web reel is finished. The carriages are moved along the guides by a motor driven traction mechanism, such as a looped chain which is attached to the carriages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reeling a traveling web, such as paper produced on a paper-making machine, includes a pair of spaced, horizontally disposed rails for supporting one or more reel spools. One of the reel spools is rotated to bring it up to machine speed. A support drum is moved translationally substantially vertically from beneath the rotating reel spool to engage it along a nip line of contact. The on-coming web is directed into the nip of the rotatably driven reel spool to begin the web reeling process to build a wound web roll. The support drum remains in contact with the wound web roll building upon the reel spool continuously until the desired wound web roll diameter is attained. The reel spool/wound web roll is maintained under the control, or influence, of three forces at all times during the formation of the wound web roll: 1) torque from a drive attached to the reel spool, 2) nip pressure from the support drum, 3) web tension of the web coming onto the driven reel spool.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for automatically feeding sleeves in roll cutting machines of the support roller type, a wide web (12) of paper or the like is unwound at an unwinding station (10). At a cutting station (20) the wide web (12) is slit lengthwise into at least two narrower, partial-width webs (24). The narrower, partial-width webs (24) are wound up using winding sleeves (44, 54) at two winding stations (40, 50) arranged either side of the support roller(s) (30) and each comprising at least one winding device (41, 51) so that adjacent partial-width webs (24) are wound at different winding stations (40, 50 respectively).

Abstract: A press roll for forming a controlled press nip with an opposed roll, such as in a papermaking machine, including a rotatable roll shell with a support shaft extending axially through the roll shell and controllable hydrostatic support elements positioned between the roll shell and shaft for applying a controlled radial supporting force to the roll shell with the nip line of the roll shell forming a support plane with the axis of the shaft, and an end guide accommodating relative movement between the shaft and the roll shell in the support plane with the end guide including a V-shaped projection at each end of the shaft and on each side of the shaft, and adjustable blocks carried on the roll shell by self-aligning bearings slidable against the end guide on the shaft.

Abstract: A curved suction box apparatus is disclosed for guiding a web towards a nip of a nip press. The apparatus includes an initial shoe which is disposed upstream relative to the nip, the shoe defining a convex surface for guiding the web. A box is disposed downstream relative to the initial shoe for guiding the web from the initial shoe. The box is connected to a partial vacuum.