Abstract: A beam irradiation device includes a photodetector which receives servo light and outputs a detection signal depending on a light receiving position of the servo light, and a signal processing section which obtains the light receiving position based on the detection signal. In the above arrangement, the signal processing section has an A/D conversion circuit which converts the detection signal into a digital signal, and an error signal adjusting circuit which converts an error component signal to be outputted from the photodetector when the photodetector is not irradiated by the servo light, into a signal within a processable range of the A/D conversion circuit, and supplies the converted signal to the A/D conversion circuit. A first digital signal derived from the detection signal is corrected with a second digital signal derived from the error component signal.

Abstract: A diffractive display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, first illuminating means, second illuminating means, and an optical material layer. The optical material layer includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes a first diffraction display section in which first refractive index isotropic regions and first refractive index anisotropic regions are inclined with respect to the output surface of the first substrate. The second portion includes a second diffraction display section in which second refractive index isotropic regions and second refractive index anisotropic regions are inclined with respect to the output surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine includes a flange provided at one end of a substantially rectangular, hollow frame in an axial direction; a lid provided at the other end of the frame in the axial direction; a rotor including a shaft, the shaft being rotatably supported by the flange and the lid; a stator fixed to an inner section of the frame, the stator surrounding the rotor; and a plurality of fans provided on opposite side surfaces of the frame in a plan view of the frame as viewed in the axial direction.

Abstract: A light emitting diode having a transparent substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. The light emitting diode is formed by creating two semiconductor multilayers and bonding them. The first semiconductor multilayer is formed on a non-transparent substrate. The second semiconductor multilayer is created by forming an amorphous interface layer on a transparent substrate. The two semiconductor multilayers are bonded and the non-transparent substrate is removed, leaving a semiconductor multilayer with a transparent substrate.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes an objective lens portion which converges laser light at a first focal point and a second focal point; an actuator which positions the first focal point or the second focal point on a recording layer in a disc; an astigmatism element which sets a first focal line position and a second focal line position of the laser light reflected on the disc away from each other in a propagating direction of the laser light; a spectral element which disperses four light fluxes obtained by dividing the laser light reflected on the disc in four from each other; and a photodetector having a sensor group which receives the four light fluxes dispersed by the spectral element.

Abstract: Techniques to provide context-indexed network resources include determining a network resource that is associated with first data in response to receiving first data that describes a context feature. A context token is determined, which indicates a probability, in the first data, of a topic from a context vocabulary. The context vocabulary includes concepts describing temporal, spatial, environmental or activity circumstances of consumers. Second data is stored, which indicates the network resource in association with the context token. In some embodiments, determining a network resource associated with the first data includes sending a topic based on the feature context token to a network resource search engine; and, the network resource is determined based on data returned from the network resource search engine.

Abstract: A condensing optical system having a condensed light spot with a small size and a large focal depth without causing a problem of a decrease in intensity of the condensed light spot or discontinuity of an intensity distribution in front and rear areas of a focal position is provided. The condensing optical system that condenses a laser beam generated by a laser source at a predetermined focal length is designed to satisfy Expressions (a) to (d), thereby producing 3rd and 5th spherical aberrations: |Z8|?0.1? or |Z15|?0.05?,??(a) Z8/Z15?3 or Z8/Z15<1,??(b) |Z8|<1.4?, and??(c) |Z15|<0.5?,??(d) where ? is a wavelength, Z8 is an 8th coefficient of coefficients of the Zernike fringe polynomial of wavefront aberration corresponding to a 3rd order spherical aberration, and Z15 is a 15th coefficient of the coefficients of the Zernike fringe polynomial of wavefront aberration corresponding to a 5th spherical aberration.

Abstract: A multi-plate clutch includes clutch discs which are disposed between a clutch outer and a clutch inner and are movable in an axial direction of the transmission shaft to permit and cut off the transmission of the rotational driving force from a crankshaft to a transmission shaft. A first biasing mechanism is configured to apply a clamping force to the clutch discs. A cam mechanism is configured to adjust the clamping force in accordance with the rotational driving force. A second biasing mechanism is configured to generate a biasing force to separate the clutch discs away from one another and to weaken the clamping force. The cam mechanism is configured to apply to the second biasing mechanism a force against the biasing force generated by the second biasing mechanism in accordance with the rotational driving force.

Abstract: A device for a game, the device attachable to a playing means and including a substantially annular gripping portion surrounding an inner member, said gripping portion including a first and a second end, the arrangement being such that with said first and second ends urged towards one another the gripping portion squeezes the inner member to more securely grip the playing means.

Abstract: An approach is provided for providing a contextual model based upon user context data. A context modeling platform collects context data on offline activities of a user. The context modeling platform maps the collected user context data as context data points into a multidimensional contextual model. The context modeling platform causes, at least in part, actions that result in reception of at least one multidimensional contextual model of another user. The context modeling platform compares the multidimensional contextual model of the user with the multidimensional contextual model of the another user.

Abstract: A benzoxazole resin precursor comprising a first repeating unit which is obtained by the reaction of a bisaminophenol compound and a dicarboxylic acid compound, at least one of which has the diamondoid structure; a benzoxazole resin precursor further comprising a second repeating unit which is obtained by the reaction of a bisaminophenol compound having no diamondoid structure and a dicarboxylic acid compound having no diamondoid structure; a polybenzoxazole resin obtained by the ring-closing reaction with dehydration of the above benzoxazole resin precursor; a resin film constituted with the benzoxazole resin precursor or the polybenzoxazole resin. A polybenzoxazole resin and a resin film having excellent heat resistance and a small permittivity and a semiconductor device using the resin film can be obtained from the benzoxazole resin precursor.

Abstract: A method for automatically configuring an electronic device, such as a mobile telephone, is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method includes receiving at an electronic device a command identifying first data and automatically determining a property of the identified first data. The method further includes automatically identifying an executable from the determined property and operating on the identified first data using the identified executable.

Abstract: A network analyzer contains a processing device, at least one signal generator and at least four measuring points. The processing device controls the signal generator and processes measured values picked up from the measuring points. The network analyzer implements several calibration measurements on calibration standards, before it implements measurements on a device under test. The network analyzer implements the calibration measurements using the measuring points. The processing device determines error matrices on the basis of the results of the calibration measurements. The network analyzer implements measurements on the device using simultaneously, exactly three measuring points. The processing device determines measured values in each case of a fourth measuring point on the basis of the calibration measurements and the measured values of the three measuring points.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine includes a stator including a stator core and a rotor. The stator core includes an annular-shaped first stack core and an annular-shaped second stack core. The first stack core includes first core pieces and first couplers. The first core pieces are spirally stacked. The first couplers mutually couple the first core pieces. The second stack core includes second core pieces and second couplers. The second core pieces are spirally stacked. The second couplers mutually couple the second core pieces. An outside shape of the second stack core is larger than an outside shape of the first stack core in a radial direction. The first stack core and the second stack core are alternately arranged in a stack direction. The rotor is provided on an inner peripheral side of the first stack core and the second stack core.

Abstract: A shaped tab conductor configured to allow more incident light to strike a cell substrate, improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. The shaped tab conductor is configured to reduce the amount of incident light that is blocked by the tab from reaching the surface of the cell substrate. The tab may also be configured to redirect light reflected from the cell surface back to the cell surface. The cross-section of the tab conductor may be polygonal, such as a rhombus, with at least one generally planar surface that forms an acute angle with the substrate.

Abstract: A composition for forming a resist lower layer film, which contains (A) a resin, (B) a butyl ether group-containing crosslinking agent and (C) a solvent.

Abstract: An approach is provided for grouping points-of-interest on a map. Information is aggregated about a plurality of points-of-interest. The plurality of points-of-interest are categorized into a first level grouping based on a first criterion and the aggregated information. The plurality of points-of-interest are categorized into a second level grouping based on a second criterion that is less restrictive than the first criterion and the aggregated information. The first level grouping is assigned to a first scale level of a map. The second level grouping is assigned to a second scale level of the map.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate formed of at least two kinds of group III elements and nitrogen, an active layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a nitride semiconductor layer formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate and formed between the semiconductor substrate and the active layer. The nitride semiconductor layer is formed of the same constituent elements of the semiconductor substrate. A composition ratio of the lightest element among the group III elements of the nitride semiconductor layer is higher than a composition ratio of the corresponding element of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An approach is provided for providing client-side caching in network communication. A client-side caching module receives a request, from a device, for a scripting file associated with web content, the scripting file supporting client-side caching at the device. The client-side caching module identifies that the request is received over a connection supporting connection reuse. The client-side caching module determines whether the request is a first-time request. If the request is a first time request, the client-side consistency module collects session configuration information for the web content from the device, specifies session variables in the scripting file based on the session configuration information, and initiates a subsequent request for the scripting file over the connection.

Abstract: A storage device and a method of accessing a status thereof are provided. The storage device is disposed in a host. The device data structure field of the storage device is adapted to record the status of the non-volatile memory. The control module is adapted to access the status according to a control signal from the host. Therefore, the operating system or the application of the host is capable of getting the status of the non-volatile memory to ensure the safety of the stored data.