Abstract: Scores between leading and trailing edges of an advancing sheet are opened as the sheet moves over score opening wheels having their rotating axis transverse to the path of the sheet. The wheels are moveable along a path transverse to the sheet path to align the wheels with respective one of the scores. Sections cut from the sheet move in a side by side relation over freely rotating wheels mounted on a bowed shaft to space side edges of the adjacent sections to prevent edge damage.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring gases dissolved in molten metal. Also disclosed are method and apparatus for dissolving gases in molten metal and a method of forming a gas permeable but molten metal impervious ceramic tube. A ceramic member is leached by an invention process so as to be selectively gas permeable. The member is inserted into molten metal to submerge the permeable portion. Then a vacuum is applied to the member and dissolved gases are measured by the change in pressure caused by gases entering from the molten metal. In another embodiment gas is applied to the submerged member to cause it to dissolve in the molten metal.

Abstract: An electroconductive laminated window having an electroconductive coating applied to one interior substrate surface with a pair of bus bars electrically connecting a source of electrical potential thereto. The bus bars include an electroconductive layer having volume resistivity less than about 10.sup.-2 ohm-cm interposed between and conformable to the surface configurations of the electroconductive coating and a flexible metallic current carrying member. The metallic current carrying member is preferably a mesh of thin copper foil which is substantially bendable in its own plane, and the electroconductive layer is preferably a metallic layer substantially free of non-metallic components, consisting of a mixture of finely divided electroconductive particles and finely divided metal alloy particles having a fusion temperature between about 70.degree. C. and about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A rack for shipping flat glass sheets has a slanted backwall between a pair of standards and a base to support the sheets on edge sloped toward the backwall for shipping and packing stability. A front restraint having a pair of vertical posts and sheet engaging surface therebetween is mounted in the base and urged toward the backwall against the sheet by a compression tool. A rod pivotally mounted on each of the standards is detachably secured to the post of the front restraint. Lateral motion of the sheets is eliminated by end restraints mounted on the sides of the base. An adjustable dunnage member made of interlocking polystyrene pieces is used as a filler to secure less than a full load of sheets in the rack. An adjustable outrigger mounted on the base is employed as a filler for space between racks when loaded on a railcar or trailer.

Abstract: In a mold for shaping an apertured glass sheet comprising a shaping plate having a heat capacity more than that of the glass sheet per unit area and a shaping surface complementary to that desired for the glass sheet, areas having less heat capacity per unit area than that of the shaping plate are preferably obtained by cutting apertures in the shaping plate. These apertures or low heat capacity areas are located in the shaping plate in position to face corresponding apertures of the glass sheet to be shaped. When the shaping is performed by press bending the sheet between a pair of molds, preferably both press bending molds of press bending apparatus are apertured. The apertures or areas of low heat capacity in the molds are preferably slightly larger than the apertures in the glass sheet undergoing shaping to improve the stress pattern around the peripheral portion of the glass sheet apertures.

Abstract: Shaping a glass sheet between pressing molds of complementary curvature while the glass sheet moves continuously from a furnace exit to a cooling area by moving the molds synchronously with the glass sheet and simultaneously toward and away from one another in such a manner that their relative orientation to one another is not changed during glass sheet engagement.

Abstract: In tempering a glass sheet, particularly a glass sheet having at least one major dimension more than 0.5 meter, by quenching said sheet with cold tempering medium while at a tempering temperature, prior art tempering apparatus developed insufficient temper particularly in the central portion of the glass sheet, as evidenced by fragments from the central portion exceeding code requirements for maximum size on destruction testing. The present invention provides a novel construction and arrangement of the tempering medium supply system that provides relatively wide escape paths in the direction of the glass sheet thickness for blasts of tempering medium applied toward the central portion of the glass sheet compared to the escape paths provided in said direction for blasts of tempering medium applied to the portion of the glass sheet beyond the central portion.

Abstract: A burner tip for passing fuel into a glass melting chamber having a fuel passageway and discrete cooling fluid passageways therein for cooling and shielding the burner tip from attack by a hostile gaseous chamber environment. A ceramic collar member is provided for minimizing inspirated air and cooling fluid may be passed through the burner tip during both the firing cycle and off-firing cycle. The burner tip is provided with small diameter cooling fluid passageways to establish a low volume, high velocity flow of cooling fluid sufficient to shield the burner tip from sting-out attack.

Abstract: An exterior building cladding system has anchor and washer arrangements for securing horizontal furrings in spaced relation to one another and to the exterior of the building. Top hanger on inside surface of the panels is mounted on the horizontal furring and the bottom hanger of the top panels are joined to top hanger of adjacent bottom panel by a horizontal spline which mounts the horizontal furring. Side hangers of adjacent panel are joined together by a vertical spline.

Abstract: A viewing tube extension for an infrared radiation pyrometer includes a tube having a heater therein. The heater has a passageway so that the pyrometer sights a glass ribbon moving through a forming chamber of a flat glass making apparatus. Vapors from the heating chamber moving into the tube are maintained above their dew point as a purge gas moves the vapors out of the tube.

Abstract: An adjustable top sheet retainer mounted at the upper corners of a sheet transporter has movement along a first reciprocating path generally parallel to the sheet receiving surface to accommodate various heights of glass sheets and movement along a second reciprocating path normal to move toward and away from the sheet receiving surface to accommodate various glass thicknesses and to maintain the sheets toward the sheet receiving surface. The transporter further includes an elongated sheet support member onto which is mounted a generally U-shaped member to increase the sheet supporting area of the sheet support member.

Abstract: A sheet transporter has a rectangularly shaped frame having a sheet receiving surface, a pair of sheet retainers mounted adjacent the top corner of the frame to maintain the sheets toward the sheet receiving surface, laterally moveable sheet support member adjacent bottom corners of the frame and a lifting bail having an adjustable elongated member mounted to the frame with the longitudinal axis of the elongated member and sheet receiving surface of the frame subtending an oblique angle.

Abstract: When glass sheets are shaped by drop forming a glass sheet released from vacuum engagement against the bottom perforated plate of a vacuum platen to drop onto a shaping mold of ring-like construction, the intermediate portion of the glass sheet can develop excessive downward sag. The present invention discloses different techniques to develop an upward bow in the intermediate portion of the glass sheet sufficient to compensate approximately for the undesired excessive downward sag.

Abstract: Apparatus for engaging the marginal edge portion of a ribbon of molten glass is mounted to the exterior sidewall of a float chamber below the sidewall opening and above the floor level. The vertical arcuate movement of the elongated barrel is controlled by a pair of screw jack assemblies symmetrically positioned on opposite sides of the longitudinal centerline of the barrel, themselves controlled alternatively by a motor or manual driving force. The motor may be back-driven by the manual control to provide both remote and manual fine tune capabilities. The elongated barrel includes an outer tubular member and an inner rotatable tubular drive member which is supported therein by a heat resistant toroidal bushing near its insertable end and by a precision bearing near its drive end.

Abstract: An automotive back window for flush glazing is manufactured by subsurface scoring a glass sheet to define an automotive back window blank in the sheet surrounded by sheet supporting glass portions. An endless band of ceramic paste is silk screened over the score as screen portions beyond the screen pattern are supported by the supporting glass portions. The sheet is thereafter baked to remove volatiles in the paste, the supporting glass portions removed from the blank and the blank having the baked pattern is bent and/or tempered.

Abstract: An edge engaging device for attenuating a ribbon of float glass having a single elongated barrel and a plurality of operatively interconnected edge rolls secured near one end thereof. The edge rolls are rotatable about a generally horizontal axis angularly related to the longitudinal center line of the elongated barrel, and means are provided to adjust the angular relationship thereof.

Abstract: Reflected energy density signal as a function of distance in pulse counts determined from a side of stacked sheets is used to calculate sheet pulse counts. A working pulse range is determined from the nominal thickness range of the stacked sheets and thereafter pulse values within the working pulse range are selected. The calculated sheet pulse counts and selected pulse values are compared and acted on to develop a pair of sheet counts for each selected pulse value. The pair of sheet counts occurring at least 10 consecutive times is considered the number of sheets in the stack.

Abstract: Glass sheets are shaped while heat-softened by engaging a surface thereof against an apertured surface of a vacuum mold within a heating furnace. After releasing the glass sheet for further processing, the vacuum mold is removed from the furnace without the glass sheet for cooling and returned to the furnace in sufficient time to engage the next glass sheet to be shaped. This invention avoids the need to overheat the glass to compensate for cooling that occurs when a mold engages a glass sheet outside a furnace to shape the latter without losing control of the maximum temperature to which the mold is subjected during a glass sheet shaping program.

Abstract: An apparatus for scoring a glass sheet includes a scoring wheel rotatably mounted to one end of a shaft mounted in a rod end ball joint and a spring acting on the other end of the shaft to urge the wheel toward a sheet movement path under a predetermined force. The glass sheet is advanced along the path under the scoring wheel to urge the scoring wheel against the biasing action of the spring. The axis of the scoring wheel is aligned in a plane normal and transverse to the movement path by the motion of the glass sheet as it advances under the scoring wheel.

Abstract: Apparatus for shaping glass sheets to a complicated shape including a longitudinal component of bend and a complicated transverse component of bend within a tunnel-like lehr. An outline mold with guides for aligning one or more glass sheets for proper orientation and alignment thereon supports the glass while the glass is bent by gravity sagging to provide a longitudinal component of bend and to deliver the sag bent glass to a position between upper and lower pressing molds having complementary shaping surfaces conforming to a complicated bend including a complicated transverse bend component. Special alignment means are provided to orient and align the outline mold relative to said pressing molds so that the lower pressing mold can lift the sag bent glass off the outline mold into engagement with the upper pressing mold to impress the transverse bend component and return the glass with its complicated shape to the outline mold for controlled cooling and removal from the lehr.