Abstract: A process for preparing in high yield an isolable orthohydroxydiaminodicarboxylic acid which is useful as a metal chelating agent. The process comprises reacting a phenol (or mixture of phenols), a diaminodicarboxylic acid (or acid source), and a formaldehyde source in a medium having an acidic pH.

Abstract: Asymmetrically substituted triorganotin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl or --R.sup.2 COOR.sup.3 where R.sup.2 is alkylene and R.sup.3 is hydrocarbyl;X is halogen, hydroxyl, R.sup.4 COO-- where R.sup.4 is hydrocarbyl, --OR.sup.4, --SR.sup.4, --SR.sup.5 COOR.sup.4 where R.sup.5 is alkylene, ##STR2## carbamate or dithiocarbamate; Y is chlorine or bromine;Z is halogen, alkyl, trihalomethyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, phenyl or methylsulfonyl;a is 0 or 1 andA is oxygen or sulfurare useful fungicides and exhibit little or no phytotoxicity.

Abstract: Many varieties of harmful insects which attack useful plant crops can be controlled by treating the plants with compositions containing certain novel tetraorganotin compounds wherein three of the four hydrocarbon groups bonded to the tin atom are methyl and the remaining group is phenyl containing specified substituents or heterocyclic and is either bonded directly to the tin atom or separated from the tin atom by one methylene group. The present compounds exhibit unexpectedly superior insecticidal activity relative to prior art organotin compounds containing three methyl groups and a phenyl or an alkyl- substituted phenyl group bonded to the tin atom.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams exhibiting excellent thermal and oxidative stability can be prepared using as the polymerization or gel catalyst a composition containing at least one organotin compound containing phosphorus and at least one organotin compound wherein a halogen atom is bonded to tin or phosphorus. The terminal properties of foams obtained using the present catalyst compositions are superior to those exhibited by foams prepared using gel catalyst compositions wherein tin, phosphorus and a halogen are present but the phosphorus and halogen are not in the same molecule as the tin atom. The halogen containing tin compound and the phosphorus-containing tin compound may be identical or different. The recovery properties of the foam can be improved by the presence of a carboxylic acid in the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting benzene formation in rosin-based antifouling paints which involves adding trialkyl tin oxide or hydroxide to the paints.

Abstract: The combination of a conventional antimony- or bismuth-containing heat stabilizers with certain aromatic esters or aryloxides containing boron, phosphorus, silicon, antimony, tin or zinc interacts synergistically to provide an unexpectedly high level of heat stability to halogen-containing polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition the aromatic ester or aryloxide inhibits spontaneous degradation of the heat stabilizing component in the presence of heat and/or light.

Abstract: The durability of coatings formed from antifouling compositions containing a biologically active organotin-containing polymer as the film-forming component is improved by the presence of at least one biologically inactive organotin-containing polymer in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% based on the weight of the initial coating composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel organotin compounds containing at least one sulfur atom that is bonded exclusively to tin or to tin and hydrogen. The compounds are derivatives of mercaptoalkanols, which are present as the free alcohols, as esters of polycarboxylic acids, esters of acids containing specified non-metallic elements or as alkoxides of specified metallic elements. The compounds are effective catalysts for a variety of reactions and impart heat stability to halogen-containing resins.

Abstract: The novel monomeric compound N-methyleneaminoacetonitrile is produced by reacting glycinonitrile with formaldehyde in the absence of ammonia. The process is conveniently carried out by forming aqueous glycinonitrile in situ using known methods, removing any excess ammonia from the reaction medium and then introducing at least an equimolar amount of formaldehdye. The reaction is allowed to proceed substantially to completion. The novel product has a higher melting point than the previously reported trimer.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a chelate of: (a) at least one metal selected from a first group consisting of: (i) magnesium; (ii) calcium; (iii) zinc; and (iv) manganese (II); and (b) at least one chelating agent selected from a second group consisting of moieties of: (i) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; (ii) nitrilotriacetic acid; (iii) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; and (iv) hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid is prepared by a process comprising forming a first admixture by admixing in an aqueous system an oxide or hydroxide of at least one member of the first group and at least one member selected from a third group consisting of a tetraalkali metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a trialkali metal salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, a pentaalkali metal salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and a trialkali metal salt of hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid; forming a second admixture by admixing the first admixture and a nitrile selected from a fourth group consisting of ethylenediaminet

Abstract: A resin for coating sand and a resin-coated sand produced therefrom wherein the resin is prepared by incorporating furan into a phenolic novolak resin. In the preferred practice, the resin is produced by reaction of furfuryl alcohol with a phenolic compound at an acid pH to give a furfuryl-phenolic intermediate in a first step, and then, in a second step, reacting the furfuryl-phenolic intermediate with a lower aliphatic aldehyde to produce the resin. The resin-coated sands of the present invention provide unexpectedly improved shakeout and collapsibility characteristics in the shell process.

Abstract: Refining process for removing impurities from enzymatically produced levulose syrups comprises treating the syrups with a strong acid cation exchange resin, a weak base anion exchange resin, and sulfonated coal which has decolorizing ability. The process yields syrups of exceptional purity and stability.

Abstract: Tabletting compositions are formed by adding to a crystalline sugar such as dextrose, sucrose, and blends of dextrose and sucrose, a low D.E. starch hydrolysate having a descriptive ratio of less than about 2 and subsequently agglomerating the mixture. When this starch hydrolysate is added in amounts of about 1 to about 10% by weight of the sugar, the resulting agglomerated crystals exhibit reduced dusting and breakage characteristics, as well as the ability to be easily compressed into strong tablets using relatively low pressures.

Abstract: A process for the direct conversion of granular starch to levulose comprising mixing a granular starch with water, bacterial alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and a glucose isomerase derived from Streptomyces albus at a temperature of from about 40.degree. to about 70.degree. C. and a pH of from about 5.0 to about 7.0 and maintaining the starch in essentially granular form until a soluble hydrolysate containing levulose is produced, wherein any residual insoluble starch is in essentially granular, ungelatinized form.

Abstract: A low D.E. starch hydrolysate having a D.E. not substantially above about 20, a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution such that its weight average molecular weight to its number average molecular weight ratio of Mw/Mn is less than about 20 and said hydrolysate being further characterized as containing less than about 20% by weight, dry basis, of starch oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization greater than about 200. The low D.E. starch hydrolysates are prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing starch dextrins having a degree of branching of at least about 7%. The low D.E. starch hydrolysates are resistant to the formation of haze at high solids and they exhibit reduced enzyme susceptability.

Abstract: The continuous isomerization of dextrose to levulose is efficiently conducted in a fixed bed reactor, whose bed is charged with immobilized dextrose isomerase, by periodically adding fresh isomerase to the feed liquor. The carrier, on which the isomerase is immobilized, binds the fresh isomerase, so that enzyme activity is maintained in the reactor at an effective level, without interrupting operations.

Abstract: Process for the production of xylose (dextrose) isomerase by means of a mutant strain of Streptomyces that proliferates in a culture medium that may be free of xylose. The xylose (dextrose) isomerase enzyme is therefore constitutive rather than induced.

Abstract: A silicone containing bis-thioether aromatic amine has a chemical structure wherein an aromatic nucleus at each end of the chemical radical is chemically bonded to the remainder of the chemical radical by either sulfur, sulfoxide or sulfone.