Abstract: One or a mixture of compounds of the formula:X--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --POX.sub.2wherein X is a halogen atom and n is an integer, usually below about 15 is heated with a suitable phosphorus reactant such as PX.sub.5 ; PX.sub.3 +X.sub.2 ; P+X.sub.2 ; or oligomer of the formula[X--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --PX.sub.3 ].sup.+ [R].sup.-wherein X is a halogen atom, R is PX.sub.6 or X, and n is an integer usually below about 15; or a mixture of two or more such phosphorus reactants so that a halophosphazene having a --PX.sub.3.sup.+ end group is formed as one of the co-products of the reaction. This co-product is a substance having the general formula[X--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --PX.sub.3 ].sup.+ [R].sup.-wherein X, R and n are as defined above. The other co-product is phosphoryl trihalide, POX.sub.3. In a second stage the resultant reaction product is heated with at least a stoichiometric amount (preferably, an excess) of a nitrogen source (e.g., NH.sub.3 ; NH.sub.4 Cl; etc.

Abstract: Linear phosphonitrilic chloride polymers are produced from phosphonitrilic chloride oligomers by means of a two-stage process. In the first stage a mixture of phosphonitrilic chloride oligomers enriched in linear oligomer is heated with at least a stoichiometric amount (and preferably an excess) of ammonia or ammonium chloride while concurrently removing hydrogen chloride to produce an intermediate reaction product. In the second stage the molecular weight of the reaction product is increased by heating the product to a higher temperature than the average temperature used in the first stage. Cyclic phosphonitrilic chloride oligomer may be present in the initial oligomer. Preferably, cyclic phosphonitrilic chloride oligomer is recovered from the reaction mixture after the start of the second stage. Most preferably it is recovered after completion of the second stage. At least a portion of the recovered cyclic oligomer may be used in a subsequent first stage reaction.

Abstract: A mixture of compounds of the formulas:[X--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --PX.sub.3 ].sup.+ [R].sup.-andX--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --POX.sub.2wherein X is a halogen atom, R is X or PX.sub.6 or both of them, and n is an integer, usually below about 15, is heated either with no other reactant or with a suitable phosphorus reactant such as PX.sub.5 ; PX.sub.3 +X.sub.2 ; P+X.sub.2 ; or a mixture of two or more such phosphorus reactants so that a halophosphazene having a --PX.sub.3.sup.+ end group is formed as one of the co-products of the reaction. This co-product is a substance having the general formula[X--(PX.sub.2 .dbd.N).sub.n --PX.sub.3 ].sup.+ [R].sup.-wherein X, R and n are as defined above. The other co-product is phosphoryl trihalide, POX.sub.3. In a second stage the resultant reaction product is heated with at least a stoichiometric amount (preferably, an excess) of a nitrogen source (e.g., NH.sub.3 ; NH.sub.4 Cl; etc.

Abstract: Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a tetrahydro-2,5-furandimethanol dinitrate.

Abstract: Liquid fuels having anticorrosion properties for use in internal combustion engines comprising (1) a major fraction of a monohydroxy alkanol having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, and (2) a corrosion inhibiting amount of a mixture of (a) from about 5 to 95 parts of at least one polymerized unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from about 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, and (b) from about 95 to 5 parts of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: 4-(2-Cyano-4-nitrophenyl)phenols are prepared by reacting a 3-cyano-1-nitrobenzene having a replaceable hydrogen in the 4-position with a phenol having a replaceable hydrogen in the 4-position in an inert solvent and in the presence of a strong base. The 3-cyano-1-nitrobenzene and phenol may be substituted or unsubstituted, and preferred phenols include phenol and 2,6-dialkylphenols.

Abstract: Process for preparing cyclic amines by the reductive amination of saturated cyclic ketones. For example, cyclohexanone is reductively aminated to obtain N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersancy is improved by adding to the oil a product made by grafting an N-allyl amide (e.g. N,N-diallyl formamide) to an olefin polymer having a molecular weight of about 500-500,000 (e.g. ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer).

Abstract: An absorptive structure or device such as a disposable diaper or the like, for absorbing and containing fluid bodily discharges, comprising a liquid permeable top sheet, a liquid permeable carrier sheet adjacent thereto, an absorbent element adjacent the permeable carrier sheet and a liquid impermeable back sheet adjacent the absorbent element. The edges of the sheets are sealed together without glue or other adhesive composition so that the absorptive element is imprisoned between the sheets. Additional carrier sheets may be included in the structure as desired.

Abstract: A thermoplastic film having a permanently embossed design or geometric shape built therein for controlling the coefficient of friction of sheets of the film when placed adjacent each other. The film has a relatively smooth or female surface on one side and a relatively rough or male surface on the other side. By varying the relationship of one sheet of film placed adjacent another sheet of film or a surface area of the same film, a desired level of coefficient of friction can be obtained. A relatively low coefficient of friction is obtained when two sheets of the film are placed adjacent each other in a female side to female side relationship. A relatively high coefficient of friction is obtained when two sheets are placed adjacent each other in a male side to male side relationship. The film may be perforated or non-perforated and single layer or multi-layer.

Abstract: A feed formulation for animals, particularly ruminant animals, and especially sheep, containing a small amount of zeolite.A method of inhibiting the formation of kidney stones or urinary calculi in animals, wherein a small amount of zeolite, especially synthetic zeolite A, up to about five weight percent is added to a feed formulation otherwise containing sufficient nutrients, for said animals.

Abstract: N-alkyl-4-(4-pyridinyl)isatoic anhydrides are prepared by alkylating a 4-(4-pyridinyl)isatoic anhydride, suitably in the presence of sodium hydride and N,N-dimethylformamide. The products are particularly useful in the preparation of antibacterial 1-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-pyridinyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Tertiary phosphine oxides, such as triphenylphosphine oxide, are reduced to the corresponding phosphines with trichlorosilane in an inert halogenated hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: Phosphonitrilic chloride polymers are substituted with aryloxide or alkoxide groups by reaction with an alkali metal aryloxide or alkoxide in a single liquid hydrocarbon reaction medium, e.g. cyclohexane, toluene and the like, in which the aryloxides or alkoxides are essentially insoluble and in which the substituted product is soluble.

Abstract: Phenols having an unsubstituted ortho-position are benzylated by reaction with a benzyl alcohol in contact with an activated alumina catalyst especially gamma alumina at a temperature sufficient to maintain the reactants in the vapor phase.

Abstract: Metal bromides, and particularly alkaline earth metal bromides, are prepared from an alkaline earth metal compound and bromine in the presence of added lower alkanol as a reducing agent.

Abstract: An effective two stage process for the production of sodium aluminum tetrahydride which facilitates use of equipment at moderate hydrogen pressure of 700-1500 psig. An aluminum alkyl is added to provide a catalyst species in a hydrocarbon reaction medium containing aluminum and sodium reactants. A reaction at about 130.degree.-170.degree. C. is carried out to form Na.sub.3 AlH.sub.6. The reaction temperature is then lowered to about 80.degree.-120.degree. C. and the hydrogen pressure is continued to convert the Na.sub.3 AlH.sub.6 to NaAlH.sub.4.

Abstract: Cold flow properties of distillate fuel such as diesel fuel are improved by the addition of a small amount of a tetrapolymer of ethylene, a C.sub.3-32 .alpha.-olefin (e.g. hexene-1), vinyl ester of a C.sub.1-12 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (e.g. vinyl acetate) and a vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. styrene) having an average molecular weight of 2,000-5,000.

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition having high Izod Impact and heat deflection temperature is disclosed. This composition contains in intimate admixture: a vinyl chloride polymer; a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic compound and an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyclic anhydride; as a first impact modifier, chlorinated polyethylene resin; and as a second impact modifier either a MBS impact modifier, an ABS impact modifier, a MABS impact modifier or a mixture thereof. This copolymer of a vinyl aromatic compound and an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyclic anhydride can be rubber modified.

Abstract: Corrosion caused by gasohol or alcohol motor fuels is inhibited by the addition of a corrosion inhibiting amount of the combination of (A) a polymer of one or more C.sub.16 to C.sub.18 polyunsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (e.g. linoleic dimer and/or trimer) and (B) a substituted imidazoline, e.g., 2-heptadecenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazoline.