Abstract: The invention provides a process of reducing the copper corrosiveness of dihydrocarbyl polysulfides by treating them with an alkali metal-containing or alkaline earth metal-containing substance capable of dissolving elemental sulfur (e.g., sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, etc.). The process is conducted in a liquid reaction medium composed of a mixture of water and at least one water-soluble alcohol. Experiments have shown that it is possible by use of this process to reduce the copper corrosiveness to a level below that exhibited by a product formed by treating the same initial dihydrocarbyl polysulfide in the same way but in a liquid medium composed solely of water.

Abstract: Engine wear and sludge are reduced by using in the engine crankcase a formulated motor oil containing a small amount of the combination of (i) an overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate having a total base number of at least 100, (ii) a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, (iii) a sulfurized carboxylic acid ester, and (iv) a sulfurized fatty acid amide, ester or ester-amide of an oxyalkylated amine or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A product formed by heating (A) a mixture of a carboxylic acid ester and a fatty acid oxyalkylated amine derivative selected from fatty acid amides, fatty acid esters, fatty acid ester-amides of such oxyalkylated amine, and mixtures thereof with (B) sulfur or a sulfur source at an elevated temperature at which sulfurization occurs. Such products are effective as oil additives in inhibiting excessive wear and sludge formation. And they possess excellent compatibility with oils of lubricating viscosity, such as mineral oils used as crankcase lubricating oil base stocks.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treatment of solid and fluid materials contaminated by at least predominantly lipophilic harmful substances, in particular hydrocarbons and the like, especially for oil-infested grounds and waters, as well as suitable systems and emulsifier substances for carrying out the method. The contaminated materials, for microdispersed emulsifying of the harmful substances, is intimately mixed with at least one emulsifying substance as well as possibly with water. Subsequently, the emulsion is separated from the material while adding water, and preferentially biologically decomposed. The treatment is conducted with an emulsifying composition containing biologically decomposable organic compounds including a member with emulsification (causing lipophilic and hydrophilic functional groups) a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether-type tenside member and a member having one or more functional groups recognizable by bacterial cell membranes as being absorbable.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and a cosulfurized blend of soybean oil and an ester, amide, ester-amide or fatty amine derivative which contains at least one substituent group.

Abstract: Succinimides useful as detergents in fuels are prepared by reacting (a) at least one substituted succinic acid or acid derivative thereof containing an average of from 16 to about 50 carbon atoms in the molecule and having an acyclic aliphatic substituent group containing an average of at least 12 but less than 30 carbon atoms, with (b) at least one alkanol polyamine containing an average of at least 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one primary amino group.

Abstract: Described are polyphosphazenes which may be represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which R is a hydroxy-substituted or protected hydroxy-substituted saturated aliphatic group, R' is a hydrocarbyl group, R" is a residue of an alpha amino acid, n is from about 50 to about 25,000, and x is a number averaging from 0.05 to 1.00 per repeating unit and y is a number averaging from 0.95 to 0.00 per repeating unit so that per repeating unit the sum of x and y is 1. Removal of the protecting group in the R moiety renders the polymers water soluble. The polymers have a controllable set of properties including degree of hydrolytic stability, permeability, hydrophilicity, and bioacceptability. They may be used in the production of hydrogels for drug release systems, plasma extenders, and biomedical implants.

Abstract: Reducing the copper corrosiveness of organic sulfides by treating them with an alkali metal-containing or alkaline earth metal-containing substance capable of dissolving elemental sulfur (e.g., sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, etc.). The process is conducted in a substantially homogeneous liquid reaction medium composed of a mixture of water and at least one ketone. Experiments have shown that it is possible by use of this process to reduce the copper corrosiveness to a level below that exhibited by a product formed by treating the same initial organic sulfide in the same way but in a liquid medium composed solely of water.