Abstract: A method and apparatus detects the presence of a watermark in digital data. The digital data may represent picture or sound information and maybe in the form of a broadcast television signal or a signal that has been recorded on a recording medium such as a compact disc. The watermark includes coefficients which have been subject to an inverse local orthogonal transform before being embedded in the input data. In order to detect the presence of the watermark, the input watermarked data is first forward transformed and subtracted from the watermark coefficients so as to derive the data coefficients. The data coefficients are squared and formed into a local average to obtain a measure of the power in the local average. The watermark coefficients are divided by the local average so as to scale them and the scaled watermark coefficients are cross-correlated with the input data to detect whether the watermark is present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining visually noticeable differences between two input images. A first contrast image is generated from the first input image and a second contrast image is generated from the second input image. A contrast difference image is then formed from the two contrast images. A mean absolute difference is calculated between blocks of pixels of the first and second input image. Pixels in the contrast difference image which exceed a first threshold produce a first threshold signal and if the mean absolute difference exceeds a second threshold so a second threshold signal is produced. A detection signal is produced from the threshold signals.

Abstract: A process to prepare stoichiometric-nanostructured materials comprising generating a plasma, forming an “active volume” through introduction of an oxidizing gas into the plasma, before the plasma is expanded into a field-free zone, either (1) in a region in close proximity to a zone of charge carrier generation, or (2) in a region of current conduction between field generating elements, including the surface of the field generation elements, and transferring energy from the plasma to a precursor material to form in the “active volume” at least one stoichiometric-nanostructured material and a vapor that may be condensed to form a stoichiometric-nanostructured material. The surface chemistry of the resulting nanostructured materials is substantially enhanced to yield dispersion stable materials with large zeta-potentials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to initialize a memory with random data, including a pseudo-random number generator to generate random data; a selection circuit to provide selected data in response to a fill signal during an initialization state. The present invention can be used to provide statistically unbiased random data for writing to the power calibration area (PCA) of an optical disc.

Abstract: An optically pumped solid-state laser in which an oscillator and optical amplifier are pumped by a common laser diode pump, with the pump beam first pumping the optical amplifier and a residual pump beam transmitted through the amplifier pumping the oscillator. Such an arrangement permits the use of high power laser diode arrays with poor focusability beams to be used as the laser pump to produce high energy laser pulses at least an order of magnitude greater than provided by the prior art and greatly expands the applications of such a solid-state laser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding input words consisting of a plurality of information bits so as to produce encoded output symbols. The invention has particular application to the production of encoded output symbols which are to be subject to phase shift key (PSK) modulation. The invention is advantageously employed in generating phase shift key modulated signals for digital television signal transmission. A turbo encoder is used to receive and encode a first portion of each input word so as to generate corresponding encoded and parity bits from the input words. A puncturing module punctures the parity bits once for each encoded bit. A mapping circuit receives an uncoded second portion of each input word and forms an output symbol for each input word from the uncoded second portion and from the corresponding encoded and punctured parity bits.

Abstract: A floating frame for an optical disc loader. It includes a pivoting-type sub-chassis of 1-degree of freedom of movement. It is rigidly connected to a chassis without any floaters. Floaters are placed at the four comers of the chassis to support the entire loader. The floater has a wide mid-section and a narrow tip. Above the mid-section are upper slots, and below the mid-section are lower slots. The floater should preferably be made of flexible material such as rubber.

Abstract: Method and device to update a data count in a data transfer operation in which a data counter generates an intermediate count value in accordance with a first amount of data to be transferred to a storage media; and an augmenter augments the intermediate count value by a specified count value in accordance with data to be transferred to the storage media in addition to the first amount of data, wherein the updated count value is loaded into the data counter such that the intermediate count value becomes equal to the updated count value during the data transfer operation.

Abstract: A method of testing a device includes monitoring an output of the device, wherein the output is generated by the device in response to an applied test command; and resolving the output into atomic operations, wherein the atomic operations are substantially the smallest constituent operations which are substantially independent of the device. The method is used to provide a simple, comprehensive test environment that effectively tests 1394a and 1394-1995 designs, for example, in Verilog. The test environment contains rules which completely characterize the behavior of different 1394 bus protocols as defined by the IEEE specifications. The test environment provides portability between different devices under test and between different protocols, automated closed-loop reconciliation of test commands and protocol requirements, topology independence, and out-of-order execution of instructions or relative sequencing.

Abstract: Tables of data included in a digital stream of encoded data, e.g. a digital transport stream of a digitally compressed television signal, are modified. The tables of data are extracted from the stream and the extracted tables are processed to identify data that are to be dropped. A filter is used to filter out the identified data and new local data is entered into the extracted tables to replace dropped data and thereby form modified tables of data. The filtered stream is multiplexed with the modified tables of data to form an output digital stream. The constantly updated tables in the input stream are modified only in respect of the local changes and the updates are passed through to the output stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to filtering an interlaced input digital signal containing fields of chrominance information preparatory to converting the format of the signal by means of a downsampling conversion from a 4:2:2 format to a 4:2:0 format. In the invention, the input signal is applied to a delay circuit to derive samples of the input signal representing spatially separated elements from each chrominance field where the spatial separation is of one line. The magnitudes of the samples are compared relative to one another to identify frequencies which fall within different high and low frequency ranges. An adaptive filter has a plurality of frequency responses corresponding to the frequency ranges and a frequency response is selected in accordance with the identified frequency range of the input signal samples.

Abstract: A motion factor coding apparatus receives an input video signal which is applied to a subtractor and to a motion estimator which generates motion vectors for the current frame relative to a reference frame that is stored in the motion estimator. The motion vectors are passed to a buffer which are then iteratively update in a re-estimator. The number of iterations can be set to a fixed number or can be controlled by measuring the effect of each successive update on the motion. When a satisfactory number of iterations is reached, update motion vectors are passed to a motion compensator which generates a predicted frame which is applied as another input to the subtractor where the predicted frame is subtracted from the current frame in the input digital video signal. The subtraction removes temporal redundancy in the signal.

Abstract: A process produces a substantially stable aqueous dispersion of metal or metal oxide particles suitable for use in forming a transparent conductive coating. The process comprises the steps of (a) adding a nanocrystalline material to water, the nanocrystalline material comprising primary particles of metal or metal oxide having a substantially spherical shape and (b) mixing the nanocrystalline material and water to form an aqueous dispersion. The process identified above, prepares a substantially stable aqueous dispersion of nanocrystalline particles, which may be used in forming a transparent conductive coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to converting a video signal comprising input image samples conforming to an interlace scanning lattice into a video signal comprising output image samples conforming to a progressive scanning lattice. First and second temporal filters receive and divide the input image samples into first and second temporal sub-bands. First and second low-pass vertical filters vertically filter each temporal sub-band such that the higher temporal sub-band is vertically filtered to a greater degree than the lower temporal sub-band. The filtered image samples from each sub-band are combined to form a filter output signal and a re-sampler re-samples the filter output signal to form the output image samples.

Abstract: Two on-chip buses (OCBs) having respective standardized definitions are implemented on a multi-function system chip, with one of the OCB definitions being a subset of the other. System virtual components (VCs) are connected to the system OCB with a system virtual component interface or “bus wrapper”. “Peripheral” virtual components are connected to a peripheral OCB using respective standard interface blocks. Since the definition of the peripheral OCB is a subset of the system OCB, bridging between the two OCBs is relatively straightforward. The invention permits a “plug and play’ capability on behalf of all peripheral VC designs implemented according to the standard, such that the systems integrator may mix and match peripheral VCs without degradation of functionality or performance.

Abstract: A system and method for selective transfer of application data between storage devices in a computer system. Application data and non-application data are stored in a mass memory device. The application data and non-application data are received in a dump memory. Data in the dump memory is examined to identify the application data. A secondary address for the application data is derived. Application data from the dump memory indicated by the secondary address is received by a memory array. The application data indicated by the secondary address is parsed. Parsed application data is transferred from the memory array to dump memory. The parsed application data and the non-application data are transferred from the dump memory to the mass memory device. Finally, unexamined data is dumped from the mass memory device to the dump memory. The application data in one example represents a circuit to be simulated and the circuit could be described in a hardware description language such as VERILOG.