Abstract: A method for determining attributes of entities within a physical space. More specifically, the location of the entities in the physical space are determined using this invention. A reader automatically moves throughout the space and takes measurements of the attributes of corresponding entities when it detects the presence of these entities in the physical space. The attributes of the entities could be the location, temperature and so forth. The reader could be an RF detection device for reading signals from the tags attached to the entities.

Abstract: Systems for generating a discrete multitone signal are provided in which N carriers, corresponding to respective subchannels, are modulated in each sample period (T) of the signal by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform of N modulation symbols (Xk,{tilde over (X)}k), each of which symbols (Xk,{tilde over (X)}k) represents a signal point in a QAM constellation for a respective subchannel, the QAM constellation comprising a basic constellation of M?2m signal points where m is the number of data bits to be communicated over the subchannel in a sample period. For each of Nc?N of the subchannels, an expanded QAM constellation is defined which comprises pM signal points including said basic constellation of points, where p is an integer greater than 1.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for classifying data packets in a data processing device (1) according to a plurality of context-specific sets of processing rules based on context identifiers associated with respective data packets, each context identifier corresponding to a said context-specific rule set to be used for classification of the associated packet, wherein, for each of a predetermined group of data items in each packet, each rule defines a rule range indicating a range of possible values of the corresponding data item for which that rule applies.

Abstract: A method, and program storage device apparatus for adapting multi-media presentations of various formats to a new format suitable for playback on a general scene description based playback system. More specifically, when mult-media presentations do not contain scene description components, such components appropriate to the multi-media presentation will be constructed. The multi-media presentation will then be presented together with the created scene description components to the playback system for decoding rendering.

Abstract: Address management methods and apparatus are provided for a node serving as peer group leader for a peer group of nodes in one level of the hierarchy of a PNNI hierarchical network, whereby the peer group leader represents the peer group to one or more neighboring nodes in the next level up of the hierarchy. The peer group leader has a memory (2) for storing peer group topology data (4), comprising address data which is supplied to the peer group leader from nodes in the peer group and represents addresses for access by the network, and peer group leader topology data (5), comprising address data which is supplied to said neighboring nodes by the peer group leader and represents addresses accessible via the peer group.

Abstract: A computer, computer compiler and method for reducing the number of interferences between variables during graph coloring while maintaining the possibility that the instructions will be executed in parallel. A compiler, which converts into a machine language the source code of a program written in a programming language and optimizes the program includes: a directed acyclic graph DAG analysis unit 11 for constructing and analyzing a DAG for an instruction in a program to be processed; an interference graph construction unit 12 for employing the analysis results to construct an interference graph representing the probability that an interference will occur between variables used by the instructions; and a graph coloring unit 13 for allocating registers for the instruction based on the interference graph that is constructed.

Abstract: A transmitter router search apparatus 26 transmits an inspection IP packet to an inspection target network connection apparatus via an intranet 10. The source and destination IP addresses of the inspection IP packet are designated respectively as the IP addresses of a recipient router search apparatus 28 and the inspection target network connection apparatus. A TCP packet, including predetermined ID information, is included in the data portion. The inspection target network connection apparatus generates an IP packet corresponding to the received inspection IP packet. Since the transmission source and destination of the response IP packet are respectively designated the transmission destination and source of the inspection IP packet, the recipient router search apparatus 28 receives the response IP packet via the Internet 19, so long as the inspection target network connection apparatus is a router.

Abstract: The invention is related to a system which allows a user to authenticate unknown terminals. The invention uses a first authentication step wherein the terminal authenticates itself to a server. Depending on whether the personal device has its own output means, such as a loudspeaker or a screen, the final message, whether the terminal can be trusted or not, can be output on the personal device or on the terminal itself. In the case where the device has no output means of its own, this message can originate in the device and be transmitted from there to the terminal. The user can input authentication information into his personal device, which can then be fully or partially transmitted to the terminal. In the end, the terminal may use the transmitted information to give out the authenticity output message. After the first authentication step follows a second authentication step, wherein the server authenticates itself to the personal device, if there is one.

Abstract: The invention proposes a switching arrangement for transporting data packets which comprise a data packet destination information and a payload, to one or more output ports. The switching device is able to route the arriving data packets according to the data packet destination information, to at least one dedicated of the output ports. It comprises at each input port an input buffer with at least as many single input queues as there are output ports, and an input controller for each input port, serving for controlling the order of multiplexing the data packets from the input queues of the corresponding input buffer to the switching device. The total of input ports is divided up into several subsets of input ports. Each subset in the switching device has its separate output buffer for storing at addresses therein at least the payload of each data packet arriving at the input port. At least one set of as many output queues as the switching arrangement has output ports are arranged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for communicating with remote units over at least one data network and with at least one dedicated CPU. The message processing device according to the present invention includes a first execution unit for receiving a message to be processed and determining the kind of treatment to be performed with the received message, a second execution unit for performing the determined treatment, and a third execution unit for presenting the result of the message processing to be forwarded to a destination unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for managing data communications between hosts (9) of a switched Ethernet network (8). Hosts (9) are assigned to logical groups of hosts such that the hosts participating in a data communication are assigned to the same group. In a switch (1) of the network, each group is associated with a service class indicative of requirements for forwarding data across the switch (1) for data communications between hosts (9) in that group. Data received by the switch (1) is forwarded across the switch in a manner dependent on the service class of the group to which hosts (9) participating in the data communication are assigned. In the switch (1), data communications between hosts (9) in one or more of said groups are disabled when required to satisfy the forwarding requirements for at least one said service class.

Abstract: A network system comprises: a WWW server 40 for executing a server process; a server 10 for providing a proxy server function; a client 20, which is connected to a communication network 30 for accessing the WWW server 40 and the server 10. The server 10 stores a Web file 11 that includes a proxy server function that can be displayed as a Web page by a Web browser, and that can be read and activated by the Web browser. The client 20 incorporates the Web browser that displays a Web page based on the Web file 11, which is downloaded from the server 10 via the communication network 30. When the Web file 11 is read by the Web browser, the proxy server function of the Web file 11 is initiated.

Abstract: Log data for a packet that is exchanged across a network are recorded in a log box. At this time, the data size of the packet and the detection time are recorded. When an illegal access has occurred at a target computer, the tracing of an access chain is performed on the log information. The tracing of the access chain is performed as follows. A change in the size of the data in a packet in accordance with the time of the first connection, and a change in the size of the data in a packet in accordance with the time of the second connection are calculated using the log data, and then the shapes of the graphs formed by these packet series are compared. When the shapes of the graphs are similar, it is ascertained that the pertinent connections are included in the same chain.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for managing protocol information in a PNNI hierarchical network. In a PAR-enabled device (1) of the network, topology indicators (HC, LC) are assigned to protocol information encapsulated in PAR PTSEs received by the PAR-enabled device (1) from the network. The assignment of a topology indicator (HC, LC) to protocol information in a PAR PTSE is dependent on the location of the network node which originated that PAR PTSE in the PNNI topology as seen by the PAR-enabled device (1). Protocol information in received PAR PTSEs is then supplied to a protocol device (5) associated with the PAR-enabled device (1) in a manner dependent on the assigned topology indicators (HC, LC), for example with tags comprising the assigned topology indicators (HC, LC). The information supplied to the protocol device (5) thus reflects the topology indicators (HC, LC) which in turn reflect the location in the PNNI topology of the originating nodes of the PAR PTSEs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling the clustering of nodes which implement a cluster-based routing protocol in a data communications network system where the system comprises a plurality of such nodes which are interconnectable to form a plurality of ad hoc networks. For each node which is a member of a cluster, cluster control information (CCMs) is maintained, this cluster control information being dependent on the size of at least the cluster of which that node is a member. On connection of two nodes which are members of two respective clusters, each of the two nodes transmits its cluster control information to the other node, and then determines whether a clustering condition is satisfied. In each node, the clustering condition is dependent on the cluster control information maintained for that node and the cluster control information received from the other node. In each node, if the clustering condition is satisfied, the node then communicates a clustering agreement to the other node.

Abstract: A memory structure and method for handling memory requests from a processor and for returning correspondence responses to the processor from various levels of the memory structure. The memory levels of the memory structure are interconnected by a forward and return path with the return path having twice the bandwidth of the forward path. An algorithm is used to determine how many responses are sent from each memory level on the return path to the processor. This algorithm is designed to guarantee a constant bound on the rate of responses sent to the processor. More specifically, if a write request is at the same level to which it is targeted, or if a request at a memory level is targeted to a higher memory level, then two responses are forwarded from a controller at the memory level on the return path to the processor. Otherwise, only one response is forwarded from the memory level on the return path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the used bandwidth (CCR) on a connection (18) on which information-carrying units are transported. The duration (ET) of an arrival period, during which a predetermined number (M) of the cells arrives at a certain point of the connection (18), is measured and stored. The bandwidth (CCR) at an arbitrary point of time (GT) is set to the predetermined number (M) per the stored duration (ET), if the point of time (TS) when the duration (ET) was stored is not longer ago than a predetermined threshold time interval (THR) at the arbitrary point of time (GT).

Abstract: The invention provides an optical communications system having a dual mode of operation. It includes a communications module having an optically active portion with a wide-angle view; a light collimator; and a connector connecting the communications module and the light collimator to permit the module and collimator to be selectively positioned in a collimated or non-collimated position. When it is the collimated position, the communications module is positioned at the focal point of the collimator, and when in a non-collimated position the communications module is positioned away from focal point of the collimator; so that the communications system has a narrow field of view when operated in the collimated position, and has a wide field of view when operated in the non-collimated position.

Abstract: A system and method for the resynchronization of a sequential decoder that decodes received signal samples stored within an input buffer is disclosed. The system comprises two auxiliary decoders coupled to the sequential decoder for running a simplified MAP decoding process when the input buffer reaches a threshold saturation level. Control of the respective increments of a read pointer and a write pointer allows one to detect the saturation of the input buffer and to derive a sequence of signal samples to the appropriate auxiliary decoder. The selected auxiliary decoder estimates a resynchronization state for the sequential decoder based on the sequence of signal samples. According to the read and the write pointers value, normal sequential decoding is resumed, otherwise, the second auxiliary decoder is selected. The selected auxiliary decoder estimates a resynchronization state for the sequential decoder based on a new sequence of signal samples.

Abstract: Described is a method for communicating information signals via respective channels, each having at least one subchannel, of a multichannel communications link between a transmitting node and a receiving node of a data communications network The method comprises the steps of: at the receiving node, determining for each subchannel of each channel, in dependence on the signal to noise ratio of the channel and a target transmission rate for the information signal over that channel, a gain factor to be applied at the subchannel signal at the transmitting node to effect transmission of the information signal to the receiving node with minimum transmission power; communicating the gain factors for each subchannel signal from the receiving node to the transmitting node; applying the gain factors to the corresponding subchannel signals at the transmitting node; and, at the receiving node, for each subchannel of each channel, partitioning the subchannels of the other channels into high crosstalk subchannels and low cr