Abstract: The present invention relates to a time interleaving method (1) and a time interleaver (ETS) for data. The data is intended to be transmitted sequentially by a baseband carrier of a single-carrier transmitter (EM). The method consists in interleaving a block of successive data items according to a particular interleaving law variable in time for a given transmission mode of the transmitter.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus and method for processing an image signal input from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a pixel-by-pixel basis and generating a bright signal corresponding to chrominance signals comprise a low pass filter (LPF), an subtractor, an adder, and a bright signal controller. The LPF cancels a high frequency component of the chrominance signals contained in the input image signal. The subtractor generates a high frequency component signal by subtracting an output signal of the LPF from the input image signal. The adder generates the bright signal by adding the high frequency component signal generated by the subtractor to the output signal of the LPF. The bright signal controller increases the high frequency component signal generated by the subtractor if a pixel position of the input image signal is within an object range, and decreases the high frequency component signal generated by the subtractor if a pixel position of the input image signal is out of the object range.

Abstract: In an infrared sensor (1) having a bolometer element (11) and a reference element (21), the reference element (21) comprises a bolometer film (22), a substrate-side insulating film (31) formed on the substrate-side surface of the bolometer film (22), a heat dissipation film (23) made of amorphous silicon formed on the substrate-side surface of the bolometer film (22) with the substrate-side insulating film (31) interposed therebetween, and a plurality of heat dissipation columns (25) made of amorphous silicon thermally connected to the heat dissipation film (23) and a substrate (10), while the bolometer film (22) and substrate-side insulating film (31) are formed such as to extend over a side face of the heat dissipation film (23) intersecting a surface of the substrate (10). Thus configured infrared sensor (1) can efficiently reduce the influence of temperature changes in the environment in use, while being made smaller.

Abstract: A numerical controller for controlling a multi-axis machine calculates an axis-dependent translation error amount and an axis-dependent rotation error amount based on a command axis position. Translation and rotation compensation amounts are calculated based on the axis dependent translation and rotation error amounts, respectively. The translation and rotation compensation amounts are added to command linear and rotary axis positions, respectively. Three linear axes and three rotary axes are driven to the added positions, individually. Thus, there is provided a numerical controller that enables even machining with a side face of a tool or boring to be in commanded tool position and posture (orientation) in the multi-axis machine.

Abstract: A digital camera includes a first frame formed of a thermal conductive material; an imaging unit disposed in front of the first frame; an optical system including lenses and focusing image light on the imaging unit; a first display unit disposed on a rear portion of the first frame; a first heat generator that located at a side surface of the optical system and disposed on a front portion of the first frame; a second heat generator disposed on a front portion of the first heat generator; a second frame formed of a thermal conductive material, and disposed between the first heat generator and the second heat generator; a third frame formed of a thermal conductive material, and disposed on a front portion of the second heat generator; and a second display unit disposed on a front portion of the third frame.

Abstract: A vapor-phase process apparatus and a vapor-phase process method capable of satisfactorily maintaining quality of processes even when different types of processes are performed are obtained. A vapor-phase process apparatus includes a process chamber, gas supply ports serving as a plurality of gas introduction portions, and a gas supply portion (a gas supply member, a pipe, a flow rate control device, a pipe, and a buffer chamber). The process chamber allows flow of a reaction gas therein. The plurality of gas supply ports are formed in a wall surface (upper wall) of the process chamber along a direction of flow of the reaction gas. The gas supply portion can supply a gas into the process chamber at a different flow rate from each of one gas supply port and another gas supply port different from that one gas supply port among the plurality of gas supply ports.

Abstract: A vapor-phase process apparatus and a vapor-phase process method capable of satisfactorily maintaining quality of processes even when different types of processes are performed are obtained. A vapor-phase process apparatus includes a process chamber, gas supply ports serving as a plurality of gas introduction portions, and a gas supply portion (a gas supply member, a pipe, a flow rate control device, a pipe, and a buffer chamber). The process chamber allows flow of a reaction gas therein. The plurality of gas supply ports are formed in a wall surface (upper wall) of the process chamber along a direction of flow of the reaction gas. The gas supply portion can supply a gas into the process chamber at a different flow rate from each of one gas supply port and another gas supply port different from that one gas supply port among the plurality of gas supply ports.

Abstract: A base plate (31) and an ultraviolet curing type waveguide material (32) are interposed between a pair of films (41, 42), a portion between the pair of films is decompressed or an external pressure is applied to the films, thereby laminating the ultraviolet curing type waveguide material on the base plate, and at the same time, ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the ultraviolet curing type waveguide material through the films to cure the waveguide material.

Abstract: The present method of forming a nitride semiconductor epitaxial layer includes the steps of growing at least one layer of nitride semiconductor epitaxial layer on a nitride semiconductor substrate having a dislocation density lower than or equal to 1×107 cm?2 with a chemical decomposition layer interposed therebetween, the chemical decomposition layer being chemically decomposed at least with either a gas or an electrolytic solution, and decomposing the chemical decomposition layer at least with either the gas or the electrolytic solution at least either during or after the step of growing the nitride semiconductor epitaxial layer, thereby separating the nitride semiconductor epitaxial layer from the nitride semiconductor substrate. A high-quality nitride semiconductor epitaxial layer suffering less damage when separated from the nitride semiconductor substrate is thereby formed.

Abstract: A calibrating device for calibration of an image measurement system. The calibrating device includes a main body having an upper surface, and a characteristic portion, which serves as a benchmark for calibration and is in the form of a recess formed in the upper surface of the main body, wherein the characteristic portion includes a side surface extending in a direction crossing the upper surface, and a bottom surface extending in a direction crossing the side surface, the bottom surface has an optical reflectance lower than an optical reflectance of the upper surface in relation to light identical to each other. This can provide a calibrating device for calibration of an image measurement system, which can detect the characteristic portion on the calibrating device stably, precisely and independent of the illumination conditions, which is less costly and can be easily handled.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to obtain a glass substrate having high mechanical strength by reconciling suitability for ion exchange and devitrification proof in a glass. The strengthened glass substrate of the invention is a strengthened glass substrate having a compression stress layer in the surface thereof, the glass substrate having a glass composition including, in terms of % by mass, 40-70% of SiO2, 12-25% of Al2O3, 0-10% of B2O3, 0-8% of Li2O, 6-15% of Na2O, 0-10% of K2O, 13-20% of Li2O+Na2O+K2O, 0-3.9% of MgO, 0-5% of CaO, 0-5% of ZnO, 0-6% of ZrO2, and 0-5% of SrO+BaO, the value of (MgO+ZrO2+ZnO)/(MgO+ZrO2+ZnO+Al2O3) in terms of mass proportion being from 0.25 to 0.45. The above-mentioned strengthened glass can be produced by melting raw glass materials mixed together so as to result in the given glass composition, forming the melt into a sheet by an overflow downdraw process, and then conducting an ion exchange treatment to form a compression stress layer in the glass sheet surface.

Abstract: There is provided a gene coding for the amino acid sequence listed as SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 70, for example. Co-expression of the 4?CGT gene and AS gene in a plant lacking natural aurone synthesis ability is carried out to successfully accumulate aurones and alter the flower color to have a yellow tint. In addition to the expression of both genes, the flavonoid pigment synthesis pathway of the host plant itself is inhibited to obtain flowers with a more defined yellow color.

Abstract: Signals from a plurality of sensors (vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors) disposed at places on a machine are input through a communication circuit to a numerical controller that controls the machine. The numerical controller uses vibration information, temperature information and humidity information obtained from these sensors to determine whether the machine is in an abnormal state.

Abstract: Provided are a digital photographing apparatus by which a clear image may be obtained despite shaking of the digital photographing apparatus during a photographing operation, a method of controlling the digital photographing apparatus, and a recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method.

Abstract: A method of dynamically compensating a movement of a source communicating entity relative to a destination communicating entity comprising a set of destination antennas, an antenna data signal transmitted by a source antenna of the source communicating entity being pre-equalized by time reversing an estimated propagation channel between said source antenna and a reference destination antenna at a current time, the method comprising the iterative steps of the destination communicating entity estimating a current focus, estimating movement of the current focus, and selecting, for the next time period, a reference destination antenna for estimating the propagation channel and a target destination antenna for receiving said data signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for an exhaust gas system includes a main exhaust passage, a main catalytic converter disposed in the main exhaust passage, a bypass exhaust passage, a bypass catalytic converter disposed in the bypass exhaust passage, and a valve configured to open or close a section of the main exhaust passage. The bypass exhaust passage bypasses the main exhaust passage between a branch point of the bypass exhaust passage out of the main exhaust passage and a junction with the main exhaust passage at a upstream side of the main catalytic converter. A first sensor indicates a first air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas in the bypass exhaust passage. A second sensor indicates a second air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the main catalytic converter. A controller determines whether the valve in the closed configuration leaks exhaust gas based on the first and second air-fuel ratios of exhaust gas.

Abstract: There is provided a novel microorganism capable of fermentation without placing particular limitations on fermentation conditions, as well as a method of processing green coffee beans using the novel microorganism, the method adding new, high-quality flavor and aroma to a coffee beverage by a simple operation, without instigating a particular increase in raw material costs and without requiring a new processing step. The method for processing green coffee beans includes a fermentation step of bringing nutritive substances and microorganisms into contact with one another and causing fermentation in the presence of green coffee beans, wherein the microorganism used in the fermentation step is a microorganism belonging to the genus Geotrichum.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device with an electron multiplying function includes an imaging region VR formed of a plurality of vertical shift registers, a horizontal shift register HR that transfers electrons from the imaging region VR, a multiplication register EM that multiplies the electrons from the horizontal shift register HR, and an electron injecting electrode 11A provided at an end portion of a starting side of the imaging region VR in an electron transfer direction. A specific vertical shift register (channel CH1) into which the electrons are injected by the electron injecting electrode 11A is disposed in a thick part of a semiconductor substrate, and is set in such a way as to be blocked from incident light.

Abstract: A first multilayer wiring structure has a first surface and a second surface positioned on an opposite side to the first surface, a first wiring pattern formed on the second surface side and a housing portion penetrating through the first multilayer wiring structure from the first surface to the second surface. An electronic component has an electrode pad. The electronic component is accommodated in the housing portion in a state that an electrode pad formation surface at the side where the electrode pad is formed is positioned on the second surface side of the first multilayer wiring structure. A second multilayer wiring structure has an insulating layer and a second wiring pattern which are stacked on the second surface of the first multilayer wiring structure and the electrode pad formation surface of the electronic component. The second wiring pattern is electrically connected to the first wiring pattern and the electrode pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical communications system that allows improving OSNR while suppressing the power increase of pumping light for distributed Raman amplification. In the optical communications system, an optical fiber is laid in a transmission section between a transmitter station (or repeater station) and a receiver station (or repeater station), and optical signals are transmitted from the transmitter station to the receiver station via the optical fiber. In the optical communications system, pumping light for Raman amplification, outputted by a pumping light source provided in the receiver station, is fed into the optical fiber via an optical coupler, and the optical signals are distributed-Raman-amplified in the optical fiber. The transmission loss and the effective area of the optical fiber satisfy, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a predetermined relationship.