Abstract: A digital phase detector with a master stage having imbalanced latching devices with intentional input-referred offset for determining which one of a pair of input signals is leading the other and a slave stage connected to the master stage imbalanced latching devices and which slave stage is transparent when ones of the master state imbalanced latching devices are set to a logical one and which is latched and held when the master state latching devices are reset and armed for the next phase measurement.

Abstract: Actuating apparatus for an optical fiber switch in which a single fiber array (19) retained in a retaining block (20, 21) is movable within a housing (17) to align the single array (19) with one (10) or the other (11) of two fixed fiber arrays. A shuttle element (25) slidably extending through the housing (17) has provided at each end a disc (30, 31) the inner surfaces of which control the movement of a pair of push-rods (42, 43), also extending through the housing (17), which push-rods (42, 43) are bearable on opposite sides of the retaining blocks (20, 21). Reciprocal movement of the shuttle element (25) causes the same movement of the push-rods (42, 43) to move the movable fiber array (19) between its two switch positions. Movement of the shuttle element (25) is caused by the selective energization of two electromagnets (50, 51) mounted in opposite walls (40, 41) of an hermetically sealed outer housing (18).