Abstract: The present invention provides an ashless lubricating oil composition that improves the corrosion properties in natural gas engines. The ashless lubricating oil composition comprises:a) a major amount of base oil of lubricating viscosity;b) from about 1 to 6 wt % of an untreated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant; andc) from about 1 to 6 wt % of a borated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition has an oil of lubricating viscosity, plus minor portions of alkylated aminophenol and zinc dithiophosphate. Preferably, about 75 mol % of the alkyl groups of the zinc dithiophosphate are derived from primary alcohols. The alkylated aminophenol can be a borated 4-alkyl-2-aminophenol having, as its alkyl group, a polypropylene tetramer having from 18 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The use of an effective amount of a compound as an additive improving the compatibility of a lubricating oil formulation having dispersants containing basic nitrogen atoms, with fluorocarbon elastomer seals. That compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, or arylalkyl, or together form a carbocycle, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently sulfurized alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkyl, or borated hydroxyalkyl, with the proviso that R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together contain sufficient carbon atoms to render the compound oil soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a polyisobutanyl group derived from a highly reactive polyisobutene having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 500 to 5,000;R.sub.2 is an alkylene group having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms; andx is an integer from about 1 to 4.The polyisobutanyl succinimides of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A biodegradable multipurpose functional fluid for agricultural or construction machinery, comprising a base oil, a detergent-dispersant and an antioxidant (and a viscosity index improver if desired), in which the base oil is a fatty acid triester of trimethylolpropane obtained from a fatty acid that either has from 40% to 70% by weight of caprylic acid and from 20% to 50% by weight of capric acid, or is derived from a coconut oil which has been adjusted to have a stearic acid content of from 10% to 20% by weight.

Abstract: An engine oil composition having a base oil, an ashless dispersant, a metal-containing detergent, zinc dithiophosphate and a sulfur-containing phenol derivative. Examples of sulfur-containing phenol derivative include 2,4-bis{(octylthio)methyl}-o-cresol, 2,2-thiodiethylenebis{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}, and tridecyl 2-(3,5-di-ti-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylthio)acetate.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels. The ratio of anhydride groups to the hydrocarbon groups in these novel copolymers is at least 1.3.

Abstract: An oligomer is made by contacting an olefinic monomer with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride, an alcohol alkoxylate, and a ketone. In one embodiment, the olefinic monomer is a straight-chain, .alpha.-olefinic monomer containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, the alcohol alkoxylate is 2-ethoxyethanol, the ketone is methyl ethyl ketone, and the oligomer product has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than 1.7 cSt. Before removal of unreacted monomer, the oligomer product is at least 50 wt. % dimer, at least 80 wt. % dimer plus trimer, and less than 3.25 wt. % tetramer and greater.

Abstract: Processes for preparing normal and overbased calcium sulfurized alkylphenates. The processes are characterized by a sulfurization reaction using a lower carboxylic acid catalyst which does not use a polyol promoter, e.g., ethylene glycol. The process affords a calcium sulfurized phenate product which is essentially free of polyol oxidation products. The products are useful as additives for lubricating oils.

Abstract: A reactor has a reactor shell having an internal cavity. Within the reactor shell is an inlet means, which is connected to the internal cavity to afford passage of material into the cavity. Within the bottom of the reactor shell is an outlet means, which is connected to the internal cavity to afford passage of material out of the cavity. A porous scallop means lines a lower portion of the internal surface of the internal cavity, and a cover means rests upon the top of the porous scallop means. A porous, vertical, hollow centerpipe fits within the internal cavity, and below the cover means, to form an annulus between the porous scallop means and the centerpipe. The bottom of that centerpipe rests on a ledge within the outlet means, to block access of flow of solids from the annulus. A blocking sleeve is within the reactor shell for preventing the flow of solids from the annulus to the outlet means even if the centerpipe ratchets upward from the outlet means.

Abstract: Gasolines are identified from one another by adding to at least one of the gasolines at least one tagging material which is unique to that gasoline. Each unique tagging material has a number average molecular weight of at least 15,000 and is present at a level of less than 1.0 ppm of the gasoline. In addition, each unique tagging material must be soluble in the composition to be tagged, must not vaporize or thermally degrade at temperatures below about 120.degree. C., must not contribute to degradation of hydrocarbon filterability: and must not contribute to engine harm. A sample of the gasoline is vaporized to form a liquid residue; and the liquid residue is analyzed for the presence of the tagging material in the residue to thereby identify the particular gasoline.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted, five- or six-membered cyclic urea-substituted monoamine or diamine which is the reaction product of:(a) a polyolefin epoxide derived from a branched-chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5000;(b) a polyamine having from 3 to 4 amine nitrogen atoms and from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; and thereafter(c) urea.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of an alkyl-substituted, five- or six-membered cyclic urea-substituted monoamine or diamine which is the reaction product of:(a) a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon derived from a branched-chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5000;(b) a polyamine having from 3 to 4 amine nitrogen atoms and from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; and thereafter(c) urea.

Abstract: An oligomer is made by contacting a straight-chain, .alpha.-olefinic monomer with boron trifluoride and a hydroxy carbonyl promoter. The hydroxy carbonyl is preferably a .beta.-hydroxy-ketone, such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. A second promoter can be used in conjunction with the boron trifluoride and the hydroxy carbonyl promoter. Possible secondary promoters include aldehydes, alcohols, alcohol alkoxylates, carboxylic acids, ethers, ketones, and their mixtures. Preferably the oligomer product has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than 1.7 cSt; has a dimer to trimer and higher oligomer ratio of at least 1:1; and is at least 90 wt. % dimer and trimer of the monomer.

Abstract: An alpha-olefin oligomer consisting essentially of repeating units having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein x represents an integer from 3 to 11, inclusive; andy represents the number of repeating units in the oligomer such that the weight average molecular weight is from about 5,000 to about 20,000;said oligomer having from about 70 to 100 percent head-to-tail alignment of the repeating units of the oligomer. Preferably the weight average molecular weight of the oligomer is from 5,000 to about 10,000; and said oligomer is further characterized as having a dispersity of less than about 5.5, and a Z average molecular weight of less than about 24,000.

Abstract: Minerals in a subterranean formation are dissolved by treating them in the presence of an organic acid with a fluoride-containing compound having a concentration in the range of from 0.007 N to 0.05 N. The hydrogen ion concentration can be less than 0.02 N, preferably less than 0.004 N. The fluoride-containing compound can be hydrofluoric acid. Alternatively, the minerals can be treated by applying alternating stages of a solution of fluoride salt, such as ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride, and an organic acid, such as acetic acid. The treatment can be done in a formation at a temperature of at least 350.degree. F.

Abstract: A railway diesel engine lubricating composition is essentially free of zinc dithiophosphate wear inhibitors and chlorinated inhibitors. This composition has an oil of lubricating viscosity; a noncarbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate, a carbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate, a calcium Mannich alkyl phenate, and an ethylene carbonate modified polybutene bis-succinimide. The noncarbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate has a sulfur to metal ratio of between 1.1:1 and 2:1, the alkyl group of that phenate has from 8 to 35 carbon atoms, and the alkalinity value of that phenate is from 40 to 200 mg. KOH/gram. The noncarbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate is prepared by reacting a tetrapropylene phenol, sulfur, and a calcium base.

Abstract: An enhanced oil recovery technique for recovering hydrocarbons from a reservoir during gas injection comprises the at least periodic injection of gas and a foam-forming composition into the reservoir. The foam-forming composition comprises water, an effective foam-forming amount of a C.sub.10-16 .alpha.-olefin sulfonate surfactant including C.sub.10 AOS and/or C.sub.12 AOS, and an effective amount of at least one solubilizing component to increase the brine tolerance of the composition. This solubilizing component is a mixture comprising ##STR1## where M is H, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium, where R.sub.1 is a linear C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 alkyl group. The method further comprises contacting the hydrocarbons in the reservoir with the foam so as to assist in the recovery of hydrocarbons from the reservoir.

Abstract: Alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives which are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate, are compatible with fluoroelastomer engine seals and, for concentration levels at which fluoroelastomer seal compatibility is achieved, possess improved dispersancy and/or detergency properties when employed in chlorine-free lubricating oils.

Abstract: Alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives which are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate, are compatible with fluorocarbon engine seals and, for concentration levels at which fluorocarbon seal compatibility is achieved, possess improved dispersancy and/or detergency properties when employed in lubricating oils and fuels,