Abstract: An ignition tube for use with electrothermal chemical combustion ignition projectiles in guns, comprising a tube positionable in a combustion chamber for receiving plasma ignition from a plasma chamber. The tube is formed from high density polyethylene or other materials adapted to release plasma upon contact by plasma ignition electrical energy or pulses. The tube is specifically designed to provide an increasing exit area from the proximal end of the tube toward the distal so as to act upon the longitudinally attenuated plasma, thereby substantially decreasing the amplitude of any reflected shock in the plasma stream. The exit area comprises a plurality of radially extending orifices or holes that have a decreased angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis from proximal end to distal end, such that the orifices form a spiral pattern on the circumference of the tube. This pattern provides a uniform action of plasma on the propellant over the entire length of the ignition tube.

Abstract: This invention is directed to oral parenteral and intestinal vaccines and eir use against diseases caused by enteropathogenic organisms using antigens encapsulated within biodegradable-biocompatible microspheres.

Abstract: A drill chuck and revolving spindle guard for protecting a person operating machine with a revolving spindle comprising: a mounting bracket for attachment about a machine part having a revolving spindle; a pawl adapted to fall into a slot in a block attached to the mounting bracket; a locking block through which a threaded shaft is disposed to permit pivoting for swinging the guard in and out of working position in relation to a work-piece; a threaded shaft around which a compression spring is spirally wound to permit height adjustment of the guard; a compression spring for holding the guard in a locked position; a locking nut disposed at a base of the threaded shaft around which the compression spring is wound to hold the guard fast after height or position adjustments; a guard bracket upon which a base portion of the nut rests; a guard having a semi-circular configuration; whereby the guard bracket is attached to an arc of the semi-circular guard so that when the guard is moved to a drill change position by

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the hydraulic axial thrust of a pump under operation conditions is disclosed. The axial thrust is determined by forcing the rotating impeller off of an associated thrust bearing by use of an elongate rod extending coaxially with the pump shaft. The elongate rod contacts an impeller retainer bolt where a bearing is provided. Suitable measuring devices measure when the rod moves to force the impeller off of the associated thrust bearing and the axial force exerted on the rod at that time. The elongate rod is preferably provided in a housing with a heat dissipation mechanism whereby the hot fluid does not affect the measuring devices.

Abstract: A stuck fuel rod capping sleeve to be used during derodding of spent fuel assemblies if a fuel rod becomes stuck in a partially withdrawn position and, thus, has to be severed. The capping sleeve has an inner sleeve made of a lower work hardening highly ductile material (e.g., Inconel 600) and an outer sleeve made of a moderately ductile material (e.g., 304 stainless steel). The inner sleeve may be made of an epoxy filler. The capping sleeve is placed on a fuel rod which is then severed by using a bolt cutter device.

Abstract: An apparatus for remotely assembling and disassembling a Graylock type coctor between a pipe and a closure for the pipe includes a base and a receptacle on the base for the closure. The pipe is moved into position vertically above the closure by a suitable positioning device such that the flange on the pipe is immediately adjacent and concentric with the flange on the closure. A moving device then moves two semicircular collars from a position free of the closure to a position such that the interior cam groove of each collar contacts the two flanges. Finally, a tensioning device automatically allows remote tightening and loosening of a nut and bolt assembly on each side of the collar to cause a seal ring located between the flanges to be compressed and to seal the closure. Release of the pipe and the connector is accomplished in the reverse order. Preferably, the nut and bolt assembly includes an elongate shaft portion on which a removable sleeve is located.

Abstract: If developer within a xerographic developing apparatus becomes excessively charged, excessive toner is added to the apparatus because the excessively charged developer prevents a sensor from sensing the actual toner density within the apparatus. To overcome this problem, an element (contacted by the developer during movement of the latter within the apparatus) is connected to ground through a surge voltage protector. This prevents both the element and the developer from being excessively charged.

Abstract: To clean toner, particularly magnetic toner, from a photoreceptor, an improved cleaning subsystem includes a foam roll cleaner in contact with and mounted to rotate in a tangential direction opposite to that of the photoreceptor. The foam roll cleaner is mounted within a housing, and a baffle extends upwardly at an angle from the housing into the pre-nip zone between the photoreceptor and the cleaner in extremely close proximity to both the photoreceptor and to where the cleaner initially contacts the photoreceptor during rotation of the cleaner. This arrangement generates a positive pressure within the housing and to relieve this positive pressure without expelling any toner from the housing, filtered openings are provided in the housing. To discharge or release toner from the foam roll cleaner during operation of the cleaning subsystem, the cleaner is vibrated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning a surface. The surface is moved in one direction relative to a cleaning blade in engagement therewith. Rest periods are provided of no relative motion wherein the blade is moved out of contact with the surface at a first position during the period of no relative motion. The blade is returned to the surface at a second position downstream of the first position. In accordance with a different embodiment the blade is removed from the surface after the surface has stopped, and is returned to the surface before relative motion commences.

Abstract: A magnetic support member, and apparatuses including the support member for magnetic cleaning or magnetic development in an electrostatographic reproducing machine. The magnetic support member is formed of a composite composed of elongated bodies of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability in a non-magnetic matrix. The magnetic support member includes a support surface and the elongated bodies are aligned with respect thereto such that the direction of their long dimension is generally perpendicular within about .+-. 30.degree. to the support surface or to a tangent to the support surface.

Abstract: An electrically biased magnetic brush is used to remove background toner particles from a photoreceptor, and an electrically biased reclaim roller is used to remove the toner particles from the magnetic brush. Before contacting the photoreceptor once again, the bristles of the magnetic brush are discharged by a charge bar, the bristles having been charged by the biased reclaim roll. A second reclaim roller biased to the opposite polarity of the first may also be used to remove toner particles from the magnetic brush to be certain that toner particles of opposite polarities are removed from the magnetic brush. In addition, if desired, a mixture of two groups of carrier beads may be used to form the bristles of the magnetic brush, the groups having different tribo-electric properties.

Abstract: A constant force spring apparatus is used to bias a transfer roller into contact with a photoreceptor during movement of the latter, so that the force between the transfer roller and the photoreceptor remains constant regardless of any variations in the dimensions of the transfer roller or photoreceptor, or of any disturbances within the machine.

Abstract: An electrostatic reproduction machine has an improved control system therein for controlling the operation of a toner dispenser. The system which includes a light source and a light sensitive device, compares the difference between the amount of light reflected from an undeveloped area of a photoreceptor and the amount reflected from a developed test image to a reference value and actuates the toner dispenser if the density of the test image is not up to a desired value. To compensate for any toner accumulation on either the light source or the light sensitive device, the signal output of the light sensitive device is compared to a reference value and an appropriate error signal is generated and applied to the light source.

Abstract: If developer within a xerographic developing apparatus becomes excessively charged, excessive toner is added to the apparatus because the excessively charged developer prevents a sensor from sensing the actual toner density within the apparatus. This occurs because a screen above the sensor becomes clogged by developer and prevents developer from passing through the screen and consequently the sensor. To prevent this clogging an AC coil is connected to the screen to vibrate the latter, thus allowing developer to pass through the screen and sensor.

Abstract: An exposure device for a copying machine has a light source unit, and a rail unit for supporting the former rigidly mounted to the machine. The light source unit includes an exposure lamp, a heater for heating the lamp, and a control sensor for energizing the heater until the lamp reaches a proper temperature. The rail unit includes a plate having an elongated exposure aperture therein, an elongated reflecting mirror along one side of the aperture, and a guide rail spaced from the plate along the other side of the aperture. A particular positional relationship must be maintained between the optical system and photoreceptor of a copying machine, the exposure lamp, and the exposure aperture. The present invention allows the light source to be mounted to and dismounted from the machine without disturbing this relationship.

Abstract: To add toner to the toner hopper of an electrostatic reproduction machine without contaminating either the operator or the interior of the machine, an improved toner bottle and receiver coact so as to eliminate or minimize the danger of generating toner clouds or spilling toner during the loading operation. The bottle has a body and a cap rotatably mounted on one end of the body. The body has a plurality of locating and locking lugs which coact with corresponding channels in the receiver so that the bottle can be inserted into the receiver in only one position. When a closed toner bottle is inserted into the receiver, a lip serves both to position the cap relative to an inlet opening of the receiver, and to retain the cap in this position as the body is rotated so that openings in the body and cap are aligned with the inlet opening; a suitable mechanism stops the body when the three openings are aligned.

Abstract: A photoreceptor belt system in which the belt is drawn by vacuum against a flat surface as the belt moves around a closed path has an improved platen cloth or mesh extending over the surface for preventing the belt from contacting the surface, the open area of the mesh being between 20% and 80% of the total area of the mesh. Nylon netting having an open area equal to approximately 40% of its total area has been found to be particularly satisfactory.

Abstract: An improved metering system is provided for an electrostatic reproduction machine, the latter being capable of operating in either an automatic document handling mode or a manual mode. The system counts the number of originals per job up to a predetermined first number, the total number of originals fed into the machine, and the total number of prints made. What is counted depends on whether the machine is in the automatic mode or in the manual mode and how many prints the machine is programmed to produce.

Abstract: An electrical main cable has a continuous flat strip of flexible insulating material, which strip carries a plurality (e.g., three strips) of longitudinally-extending strips of conductive material in an electrically balanced configuration. To connect a branch cable to the main cable, an inductive-coupling cable termination is used, the cable termination having a flat insulating member carrying a conductive strip in the form of an inductive coupling loop including substantially linear portions for alignment with the three strips of conductive material in the main cable, the cable termination having an adhesive coated surface portion.

Abstract: A toner powder reclaiming apparatus for use with the developing system of an electrostatic reproduction machine including a rotating drum in the path of movement of an airflow containing electrically charged toner particles which become attracted to the drum. A scraper blade is in contact with the drum for cleaning the toner of the collecting surface thereon. The toner particles thereby removed are directed automatically into the toner supply contained for the developing system.