Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of labeling of cellular glycans bearing azide groups via a fluorescent labeling technique based on Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2]cycloaddition (click activation) of a probe comprising an alkynyl group. The method entails generating a fluorescent probe from a nonfluorescent precursor, 4-ethynyl-N-ethyl-1,8-naphthalimide, by Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2]cycloaddition of the alkyne group of the probe with an azido-modified sugar. The disclosure further provides a method of incorporating an azido-containing fucose analog into glycoconjugates via the fucose salvage pathway. The disclosure provides a method of fluorescent visualization of fucosylated cells by flow cytometry when cells treated with 6-azidofucose are labeled with the click-activated fluorogenic probe or biotinylated alkyne. A method of visualizing the intracellular localization of fucosylated glycoconjugates by fluorescence microscopy is also disclosed.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising PYY(3-36) or Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a cyclodextrin, and a compound selected from phosphatidylcholine or diglyceride, wherein the PYY(3-36) or Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is present in an amount effective to alleviate one or more symptom(s) of obesity in a subject, and the cyclodextrin and the compound selected from phosphatidylcholine or diglyceride are present in an amount sufficient to enhance epithelial permeation.

Abstract: A method for treating an allergy by providing a pharmaceutical composition containing at least Ganoderma lucidum extract and administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition to a patient in need thereof. Also disclosed is a method for treating an allergy by first purifying Ganoderma lucidum extract into at least one fraction, then providing a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the Ganoderma lucidum fractions, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition to a patient in need thereof. A method for alleviating symptoms of an allergy is disclosed. The symptoms of the allergy are alleviated by providing a pharmaceutical composition containing at least Ganoderma lucidum extract and administering an amount of the composition effective to decrease at least one of an IgE and IgG2a level, whereby the symptoms of the allergy are ameliorated.