Abstract: A process for producing a diesel fuel stock from bitumen uses steam and a hydroisomerized diesel fraction produced by a gas conversion process, to respectively stimulate the bitumen production and increase the cetane number of a hydrotreated diesel fuel fraction produced by upgrading the bitumen, to form a diesel stock. The diesel stock is used for blending and forming diesel fuel.

Abstract: High pressure sodium arc vapor discharge lamps employing an alumina arc tube exhibit less voltage rise and better lumen maintenance over the life of the lamp when the arc tube is coated with an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting essentially of yttrium, zirconium, hafnium, lanthanum, dysprosium, scandium and mixture thereof.

Abstract: A profile of the emulsion pad, the oil continuous and the water continuous phases present in a coalescer, such as a crude oil dehydrater or desalter, which contains sample withdrawing means such as trycocks or a swing arm sampler for withdrawing liquid samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit, is readily obtained by withdrawing samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit and passing the samples to a receiver outside the unit which contains means for measuring an electrical property determinative of the type of phase being measured and its water content. The measured electrical property may be the energy absorption of the sample, such as RF energy absorption.

Abstract: A lenticular lens containing a multiplicity of multi-sided lenticules useful with reflector lamps provides improved light distribution by having the lenticules oriented to avoid parallelism with a projected light image and distributed in a plurality of zones or bands concentric about said optical center. The size and light-spreading ability of the lenticules in each zone is selected to provide the desired light distribution. Parallelism is avoided by having the lenticules arrayed in a plurality of wedge-shaped sections circumferentially arranged in a circle around the optical center of the lens and extending through the zones with the lenticules in each section arrayed in a uniform, close-packed hexagonal array of parallel rows with the longitudinal axis of one of the rows being radially aligned with respect to the optical center of the lens, so that none of the sides of the lenticules are parallel to the light source image projected off the reflector.

Abstract: Polycrystalline alumina bodies have been converted to sapphire by a solid state conversion process in which a localized energy source is used to heat only a portion of the body to a temperature above 1800.degree. C. Using a laser as the energy source resulted in conversion to sapphire in less than an hour. The polycrystalline alumina bodies had a magnesia content below 50 wppm, an average grain size below 100 microns, and a density greater than 3.97 g/cc.

Abstract: An optical interference filter produced on a vitreous, light transmissive substrate, such as an electric lamp envelope, includes a plurality of alternating layers of tantala and silica in which each tantala layer includes titania in an amount of less than about 10 mole % whereby the microstructure of the tantala layers is controlled during subsequent crystallization and extrinsic stress in the tantala layers is reduced. Rather than or in addition to including titania in each tantala layer, the present invention additionally contemplates placing at least some of the tantala layers in contact with a titania layer (pre-layer and/or post-layer) whereby the microstructure of the tantala layers is controlled during subsequent crystallization and extrinsic stress in the tantala layers is reduced.

Abstract: A multilayer optical interference filter having a controlled degree of diffuse reflection over a desired visible wavelength range, includes alternating layers of at least one high refractive index material and at least one low refractive index material, wherein at least one layer of the alternating layers is a light scattering layer comprised of titania which diffusely reflects light over a desired visible wavelength range. The multilayer optical interference filter may be provided by a process including sequentially applying the alternating layers by chemical vapor deposition from respective precursors at temperatures effective to pyrolytically decompose the respective precursors, wherein the precursor of the light scattering layer comprised of titania is at least one branched alkoxide of titania.

Abstract: Incandescent reflector lamps of the R and ER type having a metallic light-reflecting coating inside exhibit a pleasing soft white appearance with substantially diminished glare and filament hot spots when the forward, light-projecting portion of the lamp envelope is coated with a coating comprising a silicone containing untreated titanium dioxide particles of a relatively coarse or large size.

Abstract: Electric lamps having molybdenum metal parts exposed to an oxidizing environment can withstand exposure to higher operating temperature if the molybdenum metal parts are coated with silicon nitride (Si.sub.3 N.sub.4). Tungsten-halogen lamps having molybdenum outer leads coated with silicon nitride have operated for over 1500 hours at about 450.degree. C. without oxidation failure of the leads.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell and a related state of charge indicator comprising an electrochemically generated display. The state of charge indicator comprises two electrical contacts and an electrochemically generated display connected therebetween. The display comprises an electrochemical cell that may be permanently connected to a main cell in a parallel configuration via the contacts. The condition of the main cell may thus be continuously displayed on the indicator.

Abstract: A capsule containing a precise amount of a substance such as mercury is mounted in an electrode mount assembly on a temperature sensitive member. At elevated temperatures the capsule is moved away from lamp components by the temperature sensitive member to preclude inadvertent release of the mercury into the sealed lamp. After the lamp has cooled, the temperature sensitive member urges the capsule into biased engagement with a cutting wire so that upon supply of current thereto the capsule is melted and opened to release the mercury.

Abstract: An arc tube of fused silica for a metal halide arc discharge lamp including a fill for the arc tube comprised of a sodium halide, at least one additional metal halide, and an inert starting gas, the arc tube including a tube of fused silica having an inner wall defining an arc chamber, the inner wall of the tube having provided thereon a metal silicate coating which is vitreous and light-transmissive, and which is comprised of a silicate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting essentially of scandium, yttrium, and a rare earth element, and preferably which is the same metal as that of the at least one additional metal halide. Protection of the fused silica arc tube with the metal silicate coating reduces loss of the metallic portion of the fill by diffusion or reaction and corresponding buildup of free halogen in the arc tube.

Abstract: Yttrium-containing phosphors can be stabilized for use in an aqueous slurry containing a binder, which slurry can be used for coating fluorescent lamps by treating with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium hydrogen difluoride to inactivate free yttrium ions. The resulting aqueous slurry is stable and provides coated fluorescent lamps having uniform coatings that are bright and long lasting.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of manganese dioxide by a chemical process. The resulting manganese dioxide product takes the form of particles characterized by filament-like protrusions jutting out from its surface. The manganese dioxide particles having such surface features can be manufactured by reacting manganese sulfate with sodium peroxodisulfate in an aqueous solution. The process can be controlled to yield manganese dioxide of varying density and surface area. The manganese dioxide formed in the process can be deposited directly onto the surface of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) or onto the surface of other particles. The manganese dioxide product is particularly suitable for use as a cathode active material in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: An electric arc discharge lamp includes an elongated hollow tubular transparent envelope having a pair of opposite ends, a pair of electrode mounts respectively disposed in the ends of the tubular envelope, and a dosing capsule defining a hermetically sealed annular cavity containing a predetermined quantity of a dosing liquid therein. The dosing capsule has an inner edge defining an opening through the capsule for receiving a portion of one the electrode mounts therethrough such that the capsule is supported by the one electrode mount with the sealed annular cavity substantially surrounding the one electrode mount. The electrode mount includes a glass stem having inner and outer axially-displaced opposite ends, a pair of lead-in conductors extending through the glass stem and from the opposite ends of the glass stem, and an electrode supported between a pair of inner ends of the lead-in conductors adjacent to and spaced from the inner end of the glass stem.

Abstract: This lamp comprises (1) an envelope of vitreous light-transmitting material enclosing an internal space where light is generated and (ii) conductive lead structure projecting into said internal space. Surrounding and sealed to said lead structure is a body of vitreous material formed of particles of vitreous material pressed together and sintered. This body extends through an opening in the envelope that communicates with said internal space. A hermetic seal is provided between said envelope and said body in the interface region between said envelope and said body.

Abstract: A decorative Jacket for a battery cell and the jacket applied to the cell, are disclosed. The jacket is a flat-wrap label, preferably formed of a single heat-shrinkable polymeric film and non-metallic ink design imprinted on the inside surface of the film. The film and ink design resist corrosion when exposed to corrosive atmospheres. The ink design is not electrically conductive. The label is applied by wrapping it around the cell outer surface with the ink design and inside surface of the film facing the cell. Preferably the entire label is subjected to a quick dose of heat to snap extended portions of the label over the top and bottom edges (shoulders) of the cell.

Abstract: A high intensity electrodeless metal halide arc discharge lamp wherein RF energy is coupled to the arc discharge, contains a halide of praseodymium alone or in combination with other metals such as one or more rare earth metals, Na and Cs and is essentially mercury free (i.e., < 1 mg per cc of arc chamber volume).

Abstract: The combination of a main electrochemical cell (or battery cell) and a battery tester connected to the cell is disclosed. The battery tester is moisture sensitive, typically of the electrochemical type having a film-like construction comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer and electrolyte layer therebetween. The tester may be applied against the cell's outer surface. A moisture vapor barrier film is applied over the tester and adhesively secured to the cell's surface. The moisture barrier film is flexible, optically clear or at least translucent, and has a very low moisture vapor transmission rate. The moisture vapor barrier is preferably composed of mica film, but may desirably also be a film of polyparaxylylene or glass coated polymer. A hydrophobic hot melt, solvent-based or reactive thermosetting adhesive may be employed to bond the moisture vapor barrier film to the cell's surface. The moisture barrier film prevents ambient moisture from passing to the tester and interfering with its operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of manganese dioxide by a chemical process. The resulting manganese dioxide product takes the form of particles characterized by filament-like protrusions jutting out from its surface. The manganese dioxide particles having such surface features can be manufactured by reacting manganese sulfate with sodium peroxodisulfate in an aqueous solution. The process can be controlled to yield high density manganese dioxide. The manganese dioxide formed in the process can be deposited directly onto the surface of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD). The manganese dioxide product the is particularly suitable for use as a cathode active material in electrochemical cells.