Abstract: This invention relates to method and apparatus for subpixel-based down-sampling. This invention implements an adaptive filter 140 based on edge detection, which removes visible color fringing artifacts while efficiently retaining sharpness.

Abstract: Methods for preparation of a heat stable hemoglobin based oxygen-carrier-containing pharmaceutical composition such that beta-beta cross-linking is favored are provided. Using the methods of the present invention, the oxygen affinity of the resultant molecule can be controlled so that hemoglobin based oxygen carriers tailored for specific applications can be produced. Lower oxygen affinity crosslinked hemoglobin is useful for applications requiring rapid tissue oxygenation (e.g. hemorrhagic shock) while higher oxygen affinity cross-linked hemoglobin is useful for applications requiring a slower rate of oxygenation (e.g. cancer adjunct therapy). A highly purified and heat stable crosslinked non-polymeric tetrameric hemoglobin having beta-beta cross-linking of greater than 40-60% and suitable for use in mammals without causing renal injury and vasoconstriction is produced.

Abstract: There is provided an integrated circuit having a programmable gain amplifier and an embedded filter. The programmable gain amplifier and the filter comprise a gain element having an inverting input for receiving an input and a feedback signal, a non-inverting input coupled to ground, and an output. The gain element also has one or more feedback loops coupling the output of the gain element to the inverting input of the gain element. Each feedback loop has a switch coupled in series with at least one passive component. Each switch has a first state to connect the corresponding feedback loop and a second state to disconnect the corresponding feedback loop. Each switch is programmatically configurable to provide a first gain and a first bandwidth and a second gain and a second bandwidth such that the first bandwidth is substantially equal to the second bandwidth.