Abstract: Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, high dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage.

Abstract: Complexes of the titanium cyclopentadienyl compound ##STR1## and nitrogen, having the probable structure: ##STR2## where the symbol N.apprxeq.N represents a bonding state intermediate between the azo-N=N- bond and the hydrazine =N-N= bond; such complex having the simple dimeric form as indicated by molecular weight determination on this form dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and having a polymeric form wherein a nitrogen atom of one molecule of the dimeric form is coordinated by a dative link with a Ti atom of another molecule of the dimeric form, as suggested by low solubility of this polymeric form in 1,2-dimethoxyethane and breakdown of this form to the dimeric form by action of tetrahydrofuran.Another related complex is a black solid nitrogen-containing reaction product of the above titanium cyclopentadienyl compound in dry state with nitrogen at about 60 atmospheres pressure, having an infrared spectrum typical of a metallocene compound with no N-N or Ti-N vibration absorption bands.

Abstract: A method of improving the yield of plants such as legumes by the application thereto of plant growth regulants comprising nitro-oximino alkanoic acids and derivatives thereof having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 12 and wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of OR, SR, NRR' in which R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, alkenyl and alkynyl, and OR" in which R" is an alkali metal.

Abstract: Photoelectrolysis of water by solar radiation to produce hydrogen is achieved using semiconducting thin film electrodes. The cell comprises (a) an electrode comprising at least one thin film semiconducting layer disposed on a substrate, each layer having a bandgap which ranges from about 1.3 to 4.0 eV; (b) a counter-electrode; (c) an electrolyte disposed between the thin film semiconducting electrode and the counter-electrode; (d) external bias means between the electrode for biasing the electrode with from 0 to about 1 V; and (e) means for collecting hydrogen produced.

Abstract: The invention provides a cyclic process for recovering copper from sulfide ores containing copper and iron which comprises reacting the sulfide ore with sulfur dioxide gas at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. to form elemental sulfur, removing the elemental sulfur, reacting the residual solids with concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of about 180.degree. to 500.degree. C. to form copper sulfate and sulfur dioxide gas, recycling the sulfur dioxide gas for reaction with additional ore, roasting the remaining solids at a temperature of about 400.degree. C. to 900.degree. C., leaching the roasted solids with an aqueous solution to solubilize the copper sulfate and recovering copper from the solubilized copper sulfate. In another embodiment of the invention, the roasting step is eliminated by removing magnetite from the solids remaining after removal of the elemental sulfur.

Abstract: A process for making nitrogen trifluoride by introducing gaseous fluorine azide into a reaction zone containing a fluorinating agent selected from nitrosyl fluoride and chlorine trifluoride.

Abstract: Compositions containing at least two conjugated acetylene groups (-C.tbd.C-C.tbd.C-) are suitable as integral time-temperature history indicators. These compositions exhibit sequences of irreversible color changes at combinations of times and temperatures specific to each composition. Thus, when supported on the surface of a product or on a substrate affixed to a product, they are useful for indicating whether a perishable (e.g., foodstuff, pharmaceutical, chemical, etc.) has been exposed to an undesirable time-temperature history that results in substantial degradation of the perishable or whether a product has been exposed to a desirable time-temperature history during processing (e.g., the sterilization of a foodstuff or biomedical material).

Abstract: Single crystals of chromium-doped beryllium aluminate find advantageous use in optical applications and, in particular, in lasers capable of operating at room temperature.

Abstract: Amorphous metal alloys are prepared from titanium-beryllium base compositions comprising about 48 to 68 atom percent titanium and about 32 to 52 atom percent beryllium, with up to about 10 atom percent of beryllium replaced by additional alloying elements such as transition metals and metalloids. These alloys evidence high strength, good ductility and low density. The alloys are potentially useful in applications requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio.

Abstract: Novel single crystals of doped beryllium lanthanate having up to 50 atomic percent dopant substituted for lanthanum are provided which find advantageous use in optical applications and, in particular, as laser hosts.

Abstract: Amorphous uranium-base alloys are disclosed having the general formula U.sub.x Cr.sub.y V.sub.z, where x ranges from about 60 to 80 atom percent and y and z each range from about 0 to 40 atom percent, with the total of y and z ranging from about 20 to 40 atom percent. These amorphous alloys exhibit high strength and good creep resistance, and are thermally stable up to about 500.degree.C.

Abstract: 1. In the vapor phase reaction of F.sub.2 with a member selected from the group consisting of ClF.sub.3, Cl.sub.2, BrF.sub.3, BR.sub.2 and SF.sub.4, at elevated pressures and temperatures in a chemical reactor, carried out batch-wise so that reactant gases and product gases are permitted to mix; the improvement which comprises increasing the production capacity of the chemical reactor by raising the temperature of the reactor and contents non-uniformly with respect to position in the reactor so that the reactant and product gases are subjected to different temperature zones depending on their position in the reactor, the temperature of at least one of said zones being high enough to initiate and maintain the reaction therein, the temperature differential between at least two zones of different temperature being at least 3% of the maximum temperature attained in the reactor when measured on the Kelvin scale.

Abstract: 1. The process for making dichlorofluoramine which comprises introducing into a reaction zone an alkali metal azide, subjecting said azide in said zone to the action of chlorine monofluoride while maintaining in said zone temperatures above the boiling point of dichlorofluoramine but not substantially above 150.degree. C., and discharging from said zone reaction products containing dichlorofluoramine.

Abstract: 1. Compounds of the formula:ClF.sub.5.XF.sub.5wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of As and Sb.

Abstract: A process of making chlorodifluoroamine by introducing gaseous fluorine azide and at least a stoichiometric equivalent of gaseous chlorine into a reaction zone maintained at a temperature of 20.degree. to 100.degree.C.

Abstract: A process for making chlorodifluoroamine by introducing a mixture of an inert gas and elemental fluorine into a reaction zone containing a mixture or alkali metal azide and alkali metal chloride at a reaction temperature not substantially above 50.degree.C.

Abstract: 1. The process for cleaving substituted ammonia compounds containing nitrogen-hydrogen bonds selected from the group consisting of alkali metal amides, urea, biuret, sulfamide, formamide, hydrazine, ethylenediamine, cyanoguanidine and melamine and fluorinating the resulting cleavage products, which comprises in combination the steps of:A. introducing into a reaction zone one or more of the afore-mentioned substituted ammonia compounds as starting material and a fluoride catalyst, said fluoride catalyst being a fluoride of a metal which forms an acid salt with hydrogen fluoride,B. subjecting said starting material to the action of elemental fluorine while in the presence of said catalyst,C. maintaining temperatures in the reaction zone substantially in the range of 0.degree.-300.degree.C. but not above the phase change temperature of the starting material if a liquid, or not above the decomposition temperature of the starting material if a solid, andD.

Abstract: A belt winder for safety for belts with at least one locking member engaging a fixed outer surface and responsive to movement of an inertia member which indicates sudden acceleration of the belt as a result of its relative motion to the shaft on which the belt is wound and unwound.

Abstract: 1. The process for making oxygen difluoride which comprises subjecting alkali metal dioxide in a reaction zone, at temperature substantially in the range of 20.degree.-150.degree. C., to the action of elemental fluorine to effect reaction of fluorine with the alkali metal dioxide to form oxygen difluoride, and recovering oxygen difluoride.

Abstract: The process of making oxygen difluoride which comprises subjecting alkali metal hyponitrite containing 2-5 oxygen atoms, at temperature not substantially above 40.degree.C., to the action of elemental fluorine in quantity and for a time sufficient to effect reaction of the fluorine with a substantial amount of hyponitrite to form a substantial quantity of oxygen difluoride, and recovering oxygen difluoride.