Abstract: The invention relates to synthetic peptide amide ligands of the kappa opioid receptor and particularly to agonists of the kappa opioid receptor that exhibit low P450 CYP inhibition and low penetration into the brain. The synthetic peptide amides of the invention conform to the structure of formula I: Pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds are useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of pain and inflammation associated with a variety of diseases and conditions. Such treatable pain includes visceral pain, neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia. Inflammation associated with conditions such as IBD and IBS, ocular and otic inflammation, other disorders and conditions such as pruritis, edema, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, ileus, tussis and glaucoma are treatable or preventable with the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.

Abstract: A display interface system includes a display transmitter and a display receiver. The display transmitter transmits a control pattern having image type information about a type of an image to be displayed and selectively transmits image data according to the type of the image to be displayed. The display receiver receives the control pattern and selectively receives the image data based upon the image type information, reducing power consumption.

Abstract: LCD device includes two substrates, a first and second color filters, two liquid crystal layers. The first color filters are formed on portions of the second substrate corresponding to border area The second color filters are formed on portions of the second substrate corresponding to the display area except the border area. A first liquid crystal layer between the first and the second substrate is comprised in border area, and a zero electric field is formed on the first liquid crystal layer so as to completely transmit light incident into the first liquid crystal layer therethrough. A borderline having various colors can be displayed by forming various patterns of color filters having various colors on portions of the second substrate corresponding to the border area under normally white mode, thereby producing picture frame effect while images are displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A method and mobile device for decoding a paging message transmitted as multiple bursts in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, only the first burst among four bursts of a transmitted paging message is received and equalized. The equalized first burst is compared (e.g., by computing correlation) with a reference paging message. The first comparison result value obtained from the first comparison is compared with a threshold value. If the first comparison result value is greater than the threshold value, second through fourth bursts of the paging message are not received, and a previous decoded paging message is output and a sleep state is entered. If the comparison result value is not greater than the threshold value, the second through fourth bursts are received and decoded, the decoded paging message is encoded, and a first burst of the encoded paging message is stored as the reference paging message.

Abstract: A method for automatically localizing left ventricle in medical image data includes acquiring a sequence of three-dimensional medical images spanning a cardiac cycle. Each of the images includes a plurality of two-dimensional image slices, one of which is defined as a template slice. The template slice of each medical image of the sequence is automatically cropped to include the heart and a margin around the heart based on temporal variations between pixels of the template slice throughout the sequence of medical images. The template slice of each medical image of the sequence is automatically contoured to determine the endo-cardial and epi-cardial boundaries for at least the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases. Localization information is generated for the left ventricle based on the determined endo-cardial and epi-cardial boundaries for at least the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases.

Abstract: A method for generating a positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction map from magnetic resonance (MR) images includes segmenting a 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) whole-body image of a patient into low-signal regions, fat regions, and soft tissue regions; classifying the low-signal regions as either lungs, bones, or air by identifying lungs, identifying an abdominal station, and identifying a lower body station; and generating an attenuation map from the segmentation result by replacing the segmentation labels with corresponding representative attenuation coefficients.

Abstract: A method of computing a continuous interpolation of a discrete set of three-dimensional (3D) balls, including generating an initial skin, wherein the initial skin is a surface comprised of splines and wherein the splines touch each ball along a circle that is tangent to the ball, solving a first differential equation to minimize the initial skin's surface area or solving a second differential equation to minimize a squared mean curvature of the initial skin's surface, wherein the result of solving the first or second differential equations is an updated skin; and repeating the steps of solving the first or second differential equations for the updated skin, and then, repeating the steps of solving the first or second differential equations for each subsequently updated skin until a desired skin is realized.

Abstract: Methods for elevating and stabilizing prolactin levels in a mammal including methods of treating disorders and conditions associated with reduced serum levels of prolactin are provided. Also provided are methods of using certain synthetic tetrapeptide amides which are peripherally selective kappa opioid receptor agonists to elevate or stabilize serum prolactin levels.

Abstract: A method for creating a virtual machine image, includes: storing a first image manifest for a first virtual machine image, the first image manifest including a mapping from file names of the first virtual machine image to content descriptors; storing a second image manifest for a second virtual machine image, the second image manifest including a mapping from file names of the second virtual machine image to content descriptors; creating a first overlay mapping by: placing a file name and its content descriptor both from the second image manifest in the first overlay mapping; and placing a file name and its content descriptor both from the first image manifest in the first overlay mapping if the file name and its content descriptor are not mapped in the second image manifest; and constructing a third virtual machine image having an image manifest whose mapping is the first overlay mapping.

Abstract: A level shifter includes a first input circuit, a first load circuit, a second input circuit, and a second load circuit. The first input circuit receives a first input signal and a second input signal that swing between a first high power voltage and a first low power voltage. The first load circuit generates a high voltage, a sub-high voltage, a low voltage, and a sub-low voltage. The second input circuit receives a first voltage pair including the high voltage and the low voltage, and a second voltage pair including the sub-high voltage and the sub-low voltage. The second load circuit generates an output signal that swings between a second high power voltage and a second low power voltage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for adapting a semiconductor inter-field dose correction map from a first photolithography mask to a second photolithography mask using the same manufacturing stack and reactive ion etching processes, the method including: obtaining a first dose correction map for the first photolithography mask as a function of first chip or die identities; determining a first transformation matrix from the first chip or die identities of the first photolithography mask into an orthogonal coordinate system; determining a second transformation matrix from second chip or die identities of the second photolithography mask into the orthogonal coordinate system; and transforming the first dose correction map for the first photolithography mask into a second dose correction map for the second photolithography mask in correspondence with each of the first and second transformation matrices.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for measuring and characterizing random variations in device characteristics of semiconductor integrated circuit devices, which enable circuit designers to accurately measure and characterize random variations in device characteristics (such as transistor threshold voltage) between neighboring devices resulting from random sources such as dopant fluctuations and line edge roughness, for purposes of integrated circuit design and analysis. In one aspect, a method for characterizing random variations in device mismatch (e.g., threshold voltage mismatch) between a pair of device (e.g., transistors) is performed by obtaining subthreshold DC voltage characteristic data for the device pair, and then determining a distribution in voltage threshold mismatch for the device pair directly from the corresponding subthreshold DC voltage characteristic data.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for integrally packaging semiconductor IC (integrated circuit) chips with antennas having one or more radiating elements and tuning elements that are formed from package lead wires that are appropriated shaped and arranged to form antenna structures for millimeter wave applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted pyrazolo-heterocycles having the general structure of formula I Also provided are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acid salts, hydrates, solvates and stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I. The compounds are useful as modulators of cannabinoid receptors and for the prophylaxis and treatment of cannabinoid receptor-associated diseases and conditions, such as pain, inflammation and pruritis.

Abstract: Provided are a light emitting package capable of controlling a color temperature, a fabricating method thereof, and a color temperature controlling method of the light emitting package. The light emitting package includes a package body, a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the package body and spaced apart from each other, a light emitting element formed on the package body and electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, and a thin film resistor connected in series to the first electrode.

Abstract: A structure and formation method for electrically connecting aluminum and copper interconnections stabilize a semiconductor metallization process using an inner shape electrically connecting the aluminum and copper interconnections. To this end, a copper interconnection is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. An interconnection induction layer and an interconnection insertion layer are sequentially formed on the copper interconnection to have a contact hole exposing the copper interconnection. An upper diameter of the contact hole may be formed to be larger than a lower diameter thereof. A barrier layer and an aluminum interconnection are filled in the contact hole. The aluminum interconnection is formed not to directly contact the copper interconnection through the contact hole.

Abstract: A method for modeling a vehicle, includes: receiving an image that includes a vehicle; and constructing a three-dimensional (3D) model of the vehicle, wherein the 3D model is constructed by: (a) taking a predetermined set of base shapes that are extracted from a subset of vehicles; (b) multiplying each of the base shapes by a parameter; (c) adding the resultant of each multiplication to form a vector that represents the vehicle's shape; (d) fitting the vector to the vehicle in the image; and (e) repeating steps (a)-(d) by modifying the parameters until a difference between a fit vector and the vehicle in the image is minimized.

Abstract: A cooler having a unitary construction including a channel portion including a plurality of fins on a base, the plurality of fins defining a plurality of microchannels therebetween, a tapered opening formed in a set of the plurality of fins, a manifold portion disposed on an edge portion of the base, the manifold portion including an inlet port and an outlet port disposed above the tapered opening in the plurality of fins, and a separator sheet including at least two elongated openings disposed between the channel portion and the manifold portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a method of operating the liquid crystal display, in which the liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, a gate driver, a gamma voltage generator, a data driver, and a gamma voltage compensator. The liquid crystal panel has a plurality of pixels respectively arranged in pixel areas defined by gate lines and data lines. The gate driver drives the gate lines, and the gamma voltage generator generates gamma voltages having different voltage levels from each other. The data driver drives the data lines according to the gamma voltages. The gamma voltage compensator compensates for at least one of the gamma voltages, which are generated from the gamma voltage generator, by using one of a gate-off voltage provided to the gate lines and a storage voltage provided to a storage capacitor included in the pixel.

Abstract: A display that has rush current reduction during power-on is provided. A display panel that displays an image includes a gate line and a data line. A voltage generator receives a supply voltage and outputs a gate-on voltage and a gate-off voltage to first and second output nodes, respectively. The voltage generator includes a pull-up capacitor that is charged for a first time period of a power-off period and is discharged for a second time period of the power-off period to increase a voltage level of the second output node, the first and second time periods being consecutive periods of the power-off period. A gate driver selectively applies a gate-on voltage or a gate-off voltage to the gate lines, and a data driver applies a data voltage to the data line.