Abstract: Phenols and thiophenols having an ortho-phenyl substituent react with most aldehydes and ketones in very strongly acidic liquid media to form a dibenzopyran or dibenzothiopyran. The dibenzopyrans, but not the dibenzothiopyrans, can be isomerized to their corresponding fluorenols. The pyran or thiopyran ring can be cleaved chemically or electrochemically to produce phenols and thiophenols which have an ortho substituent in the ortho position of the phenyl substituent of the starting phenol or thiophenol which is characteristic of the aldehyde or ketone reactant. These products as well as the fluorenols, being phenolic bodies, are useful as stabilizers and antioxidants.

Abstract: A directionally solidified casting having improved high temperature properties is provided having a nickel-base matrix and comprising in weight percent of at least 2% rhenium and at least 6% tungsten, but less than 4% aluminum and less than 7% chromium. Embedded in the matrix is an aligned tantalum carbide reinforcing fibrous phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method of casting superalloy articles and more particularly to an apparatus for directionally solidifying eutectic superalloy compositions to produce a composite structure of a superalloy matrix reinforced with aligned carbide fibers. The improvement includes positioning a movable bed of a ceramic insulation around the mold such that as the mold is lowered the bed forms a continuous heat insulating barrier around the sides of the mold to prevent lateral heat transfer.

Abstract: Dehydroformylation of isomeric acetoxybutyraldehydes, with minimal dehydroacetoxylation, can be accomplished at a temperature in the range of 120.degree.-250.degree. C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere in the presence of an essentially neutral noble metal catalyst to produce allyl acetate, 1-propenyl acetate or mixtures thereof. This reaction permits recycle of the undesired isomeric acetoxybutyraldehyde products of the hydroformylation of allyl acetate of 1-propenyl acetate to the desired 4-acetoxybutyraldehyde which is an intermediate in the production of 1,4-butanediol useful in making polyesters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of casting superalloy articles and more particularly to directionally solidifying eutectic superalloy compositions to produce a composite structure of a superalloy matrix reinforced with aligned carbide fibers.

Abstract: When a hot, homogeneous solution containing at least 4 percent by weight of a copolymer of a diethynylbenzene and a dipropargyl ether of a dihydric phenol in nitrobenzene or a liquid halobenzene solvent is allowed to cool in contact with a shaping surface, a shaped gel is formed. Contacting the shaped article with a lower alkyl ketone which is a nonsolvent for the acetylenic polymer but in which the halobenzene is soluble and then allowing the shaped object to dry causes the gel to shrink isotropically so that it retains the shape, although diminished in size, which it assumed on solidifying. If the halobenzene solvent is crystalline at room temperature, the solvent crystallizes in the polymer matrix as it cools. Extraction with a lower alkyl ketone or sublimation of the solvent crystals produces a shaped article having a microporous structure.