Abstract: Described is a system including a memory arrangement and a processor for graphically representing in a space data representing at least one portfolio. The memory arrangement stores a Multi-Criteria Financial Optimization (“MCFO”). The processor solves the MCFO to generate data corresponding to a set of portfolios. The processor selects vertex points corresponding to a set of components of the portfolios. The processor defines coordinates of the vertices on a chart and plots the vertices as points on the chart. The processor defining a projection vector-function using coordinates of the vertices and selecting a subset of the portfolios on the chart. The processor computing coordinates for the portfolios in the subset using the projection vector-function and a weighting corresponding to the portfolios. The processor plotting points corresponding to the portfolios in the subset on the chart using the computed coordinates.

Abstract: Described is a method for determining a telegram length in an operating apparatus for communicating between the operating apparatus and a field device via a network. The method comprises composing a first telegram in the operating apparatus. The first telegram comprises a predeterminable first telegram length, and the composed first telegram is despatched via the network to the field device. After the first telegram has been despatched, the operating apparatus waits for the receipt of a second telegram, which second telegram is received by the operating apparatus via the network. After successful receipt of the second telegram, the first telegram length is increased by a predeterminable value. Increasing the value takes place until receiving the second telegram fails. After the receipt of the second telegram has failed, the first telegram length that has resulted in successfully receiving the second telegram is provided.