Abstract: A monitoring method, includes: delineating a monitor resist pattern on an underlying film, the monitor resist pattern having a tilted sidewall slanted to a surface of the underlying film at least at one edge of the monitor resist pattern; measuring a width of the monitor resist pattern in an orthogonal direction to a cross line of the tilted sidewall intersecting with the underlying film; delineating a monitor underlying film pattern by selectively etching the underlying film using the monitor resist pattern as a mask; measuring a width of the monitor underlying film pattern in the orthogonal direction; and obtaining a shift width in the monitor underlying film pattern from a difference between the width of the monitor resist pattern and the width of the monitor underlying film pattern.

Abstract: A telecommunications network provides efficient switching for voice-over-data lines by having access units coupled to the sources and destinations of telephone calls using virtual channels created in a packet switch to connect to a channel switch that converts incoming packets into the outgoing packets and causes the packet switch to route the outgoing packets to the proper access units.