Abstract: The present invention is a compression method for compressing digital data. The data is strings of digital values, which can be broken down to a series of 1's and 0's. The present inventive method uses a chaotic system to compress the data. The first step in the inventive method is generating a plurality of periodic orbits that correspond to a plurality of control bit strings. Each of the periodic orbits is formed with a series of numeric values. The next step is to convert the numeric values of the periodic orbits to digital data values, similar in form to the data to be compressed. The digital data values of the periodic orbits are then organized to identically match the original digital data values. Then the control bit strings corresponding to the organized digital data values of the periodic orbits are identified and saved in order, such that applying the control bit strings to the chaotic system will regenerate the original data.

Abstract: Multi-functional digital signal processing (“DSP”) circuitry can perform any of a wide range of different DSP functions. For example, the DSP circuitry can perform multiplication of simple or complex numbers of different lengths. The multiplication of simple (i.e., non-complex) numbers can be augmented with addition of the resulting products. The DSP circuitry can also support implementing finite impulse response filters of either even or odd order.

Abstract: Measure-controlled delay (MCD) circuits include a measure circuit and sample circuit for synchronizing an output clock to an input clock. In response to triggering of the measure circuit, sample circuits sample outputs of a measure delay array. Sample reset logic prevents output of the output clock when any of a predetermined one or more of the samples correspond to a particular logic value (i.e., logic “1” or “0”). For example, sample reset logic may prevent an MCD circuit from providing the output clock when a sample taken from the earliest sampling point of the measure delay array corresponds to logic “1.” The MCD circuit may then provide the output clock in response to a subsequent triggering for which a sample taken from the earliest sampling point is logic “0.” Phase error of the output clock is thereby reduced. MCD circuits improve response to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations.

Abstract: A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is provided that has separate array and peripheral power busing to isolate array noise from peripheral circuits such as delay lock loops during row activations and read/write memory operations. A switch connects the array power bus to another separate power bus for a limited period of time during a DRAM refresh cycle to provide additional current to the DRAM arrays. The switch disconnects the array power bus from the other power bus preferably before the end of the refresh cycle.

Abstract: A programmable logic device includes high-speed serial interface (“HSSI”) circuitry that employs one or more clock signals. In addition to use of these clock signals in the HSSI circuitry, circuitry is provided for allowing at least one of these signals to be distributed throughout the PLD core circuitry, e.g., for use as an additional clock signal in the PLD core. Clock distribution is preferably done in a low-skew way.

Abstract: Compiler flows are provided that can produce functionally equivalent field programmable gate arrays (“FPGAs”) and structured application-specific integrated circuits (“structured ASICs”). The flows may include feeding back design transformations that are performed during either flow so that a later performance of the other flow will necessarily include the same transformations, thereby helping to ensure functional equivalence. The flows may include a comparison of intermediate results in order to prove that functional equivalence is being achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compositions of therapeutic cyclodextrin containing polymeric compounds designed as a carrier for small molecule therapeutics delivery and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. These cyclodextrin-containing polymers improve drug stability and solubility, and reduce toxicity of the small molecule therapeutic when used in vivo. Furthermore, by selecting from a variety of linker groups and targeting ligands the polymers present methods for controlled delivery of the therapeutic agents. The invention also relates to methods of treating subjects with the therapeutic compositions described herein. The invention further relates to methods for conducting pharmaceutical business comprising manufacturing, licensing, or distributing kits containing or relating to the polymeric compounds described herein.

Abstract: An I/O interface for configuring hard IP embedded in a FPGA includes a register load signal, a CSR initialization signal, and a register data signal. After programming the DPRIO registers, the register data controls the operation of the hard IP block. The interface supports both CSR load mode and the MDIO interface. The user-friendly I/O interface eliminates all requirements on the end-user and is virtually transparent to the end-user.

Abstract: A method for applying surface modifications in at least two patterns that differ in spectral emissivity by known amounts. The patterns form an information-encoding sequence of transitions of differential emissivity along a scan path over the patterns, that encodes a set of information. This information is decoded by a scanner sensitive to emissivity in the given portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, and sensitive to transitions in emissivity of the known amounts, when scanned along the scan path, combined with knowledge of the expected emissivity values of the patterns. This provides secure informational marking of articles and documents, including mail. The patterns may be visible, or hidden, but the emissivity values are not duplicated by standard office equipment, so authenticity of the patterns can be determined using the special emissivity scanner.

Abstract: An interactive wagering system is provided that promotes wagering to users at user equipment. The user equipment may be based on a set-top box and television, a personal computer, a cellular telephone with a display, or other such devices. Wagering may be promoted by notifying the user of an opportunity to place a wager on a given race. Wagering may also be promoted by providing the user with an on-screen opportunity to sign up for a wagering television channel or interactive wagering service. The on-screen promotions that are displayed to the user may be targeted based on the television programming that is being displayed or the user's interests. The user's activities may be monitored to collect information on the user's interests. If a particular race or the like is being discussed during a television program, the user may be provided with an opportunity to wager on that race.

Abstract: A system and method for utilizing data stored in an EPG database for modifying advertisement information. In this way, a service provider and/or an advertiser can transmit a single advertisement to all the television stations regardless of their geographic location and other user specific information, and need not re-transmit the advertisement even if there is a change in the show's program description. When the advertisement is displayed, the correct updated information is retrieved from the EPG database and inserted into the advertisement. In one aspect, the present invention describes a method for modifying an advertisement in an EPG comprising the steps of: storing television schedule information in a first database; storing advertisement information in a second database; incorporating a portion of the television schedule information into a portion of the advertisement information to form a modified advertisement; and displaying the modified advertisement on a screen.

Abstract: A programmable logic device has many regions of programmable logic, together with relatively general-purpose, programmable, interconnection resources that can be used to make interconnections between virtually any of the logic regions. In addition, various types of more local interconnection resources are associated with each logic region for facilitating the making of interconnections between adjacent or nearby logic regions without the need to use the general-purpose interconnection resources for those interconnections. The local interconnection resources support flexible clustering of logic regions via relatively direct and therefore high-speed interconnections, preferably in both horizontal and vertical directions in the typically two-dimensional array of logic regions. The logic region clustering options provided by the local interconnection resources are preferably boundary-less or substantially boundary-less within the array of logic regions.

Abstract: A lockable storage case includes a top cover pivotably coupled to a bottom cover through a spine. The top cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a top cover lock insertion path. The bottom cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a bottom cover lock insertion path. The lower lock receiving members of both the top and bottom covers include hooks for receiving and maintaining a latch. When the top cover is closed on the bottom cover, the top and bottom cover insertion paths combine to form a combined lock insertion path. A lock for the storage case includes first and second catch mechanisms with first and second catches. To lock the storage case, the lock is inserted into the combined lock insertion path so that the catches on the lock mate with and are retained with the hooks in the top and bottom covers.

Abstract: Energy conversion systems utilizing nanometer scale assemblies are provided that convert the kinetic energy (equivalently, the thermal energy) of working substance molecules into another form of energy that can be used to perform useful work at a macroscopic level. These systems may be used to, for example, produce useful quantities of electric or mechanical energy, heat or cool an external substance or propel an object in a controllable direction. In particular, the present invention includes nanometer scale impact masses that reduce the velocity of working substance molecules that collide with this impact mass by converting some of the kinetic energy of a colliding molecule into kinetic energy of the impact mass. Various devices including, piezoelectric, electromagnetic and electromotive force generators, are used to convert the kinetic energy of the impact mass into electromagnetic, electric or thermal energy.

Abstract: An integrated circuit like a programmable logic device (“PLD”) includes a communication channel employing 8B/10B coding. Disparity information determined by 8B/10B decoder circuitry in the communication channel is supplied to other circuitry of the PLD so that any requirement for disparity to have a particular value in conjunction with certain received codes can be checked. On the transmitter side, circuitry is provided for selectively forcing the 8B/10B encoder to use a commanded disparity (which can be either positive or negative) under particular circumstances.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising a plurality of yeast cells, wherein said plurality of yeast cells are characterized by their ability to increase secretion of male hormones or alleviate or prevent sexual disorders, e.g., impotence, in a mammal, said ability resulting from their having been cultured in the presence of an alternating electric field having a specific frequency and a specific field strength. Also provided are methods of making and using these compositions.

Abstract: A lockable storage case includes a top cover pivotably coupled to a bottom cover through a spine. The top cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a top cover lock insertion path. The bottom cover includes loops or an upper lock receiving member and a lower lock receiving member defining a bottom cover lock insertion path. The lower lock receiving members of both the top and bottom covers include hooks for receiving and maintaining a latch. When the top cover is closed on the bottom cover, the top and bottom cover insertion paths combine to form a combined lock insertion path. A lock for the storage case includes first and second catch mechanisms with first and second catches: To lock the storage case, the lock is inserted into the combined lock insertion path so that the catches on the lock mate with and are retained with the hooks in the top and bottom covers.

Abstract: Nanoelectromechanical switch systems (NEMSS) that are structured around the mechanical manipulation of nanotubes are provided. Such NEMSS can realize the functionality of, for example, automatic switches, adjustable diodes, amplifiers, inverters, variable resistors, pulse position modulators (PPMs), and transistors. In one embodiment, a nanotube is anchored at one end to a base member. The nanotube is also coupled to a voltage source. This voltage source creates an electric charge at the tip of the free-moving-end of the nanotube that is representative of the polarity and intensity of the voltage source. The free-moving end of this nanotube can be electrically controlled by applying an electric charge to a nearby charge member layer that is either of the same (repelling) or opposite (attracting) polarity of the nanotube.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices having fixed and programmable logic portions are made by combining a hardware description language representation of the fixed logic and a hardware description language representation of the programmable logic to create a single hardware description language representation of a device. This allows multiple portions of programmable logic, distributed where needed in whatever size needed, to be interspersed among the fixed logic. Because the behavior of the programmable logic, rather than of the user programming, is being represented, a programmable logic architecture is provided that lacks behaviors, such as combinational loops, that would cause compilation of the hardware description language to generate errors.

Abstract: The invention relates to preserving the properties of active particles through use of an encapsulant which may be removable. The encapsulant may protect the active particles against premature deactivation. If desired, the encapsulant may be removed to rejuvenate the active particles. Various processes can be implemented to introduce encapsulated particles to embedding substances which may be used in various products.